https://youtubetranscript.com/?v=bV16NEWld8Q
So I hope we can my plan is to finish this today, so and then we’ll Go into the more concrete details now that you’ve got some sense of the way that a narrative like this can unfold So if you remember we were Just leaving this terrible little bar Which I think was called the red lobster or something like that where the Fox and the cat had met the coachman and the coachman is Obviously someone who takes you somewhere he takes you on a trip and The coachman basically revealed himself first he kind of looks like I guess a somewhat jolly old man Although his expression doesn’t precisely read as jolly and then he reveals himself as something positively satanic and that’s enough to terrify these 2-bit thugs the Fox and the cat who think they’re tough But really aren’t tough at all and so they see at some point what they’re really tangled up in and I think I mentioned To you that that was something akin you had this idea that People’s shadows reach all the way down to hell which is a very frightening concept And what he meant by that is is that if you take a look at the impulses that drive you that are actually malevolent if you can admit to such impulses that if you Basically follow those all the way down to their origin you find some very nasty things and what you find down there basically is what? allies you with people who’ve done terrible things and that that’s Not a very pleasant Experience I would say although one thing that’s worth thinking about is that it is something that can protect you against being very very badly hurt because one of the things that characterizes people who develop post-traumatic stress disorder is that they’re often naive and then they encounter something that’s really not within their framework of thinking and it’s usually something bad and Because there there isn’t anything in their philosophy their way of looking at the world that has prepared them for that they end up fragmented and devastated and so It’s actually protective to you if you can figure out what your what your full range of capabilities is because that can help you understand other people a lot better and and To be wiser and more careful in your actions. It’s also useful I think if you want to convince yourself to act properly because if you regard yourself as harmless Which is a big mistake? then Nothing you can do is really that bad right because you’re harmless after all but if you understand that you’re seriously not harmless Then that can make you a lot more careful with yourself And I would say that that that’s especially true Maybe when you’re dealing when you have kids and you start dealing with your kids If you know that what you’re capable of because you’re human then that can Motivate you to be much more careful with what you say and do and I don’t mean cautious. I don’t mean timid I don’t I don’t mean any of that I just mean that you want to keep things pristine between you and your children Let’s say because that way they’re on your good side And you want them on your good side because children who get on their parents bad side Suffer very badly for it and sometimes it’s because they’re literally abused but more often. It’s because they get while they get abused let’s say or neglected in much more subtle ways and You’re definitely capable of that I mean all you have to do is think about The way that you’ve interacted with someone that you’ve decided to not like or maybe someone you genuinely don’t like you know And that can range from just not paying any attention to them Especially if they’re doing something good to really pursuing them and making their life miserable And you can certainly do that with your family members And you can do that with your intimate partners, and you can do that with your friends And you can do it with yourself, and so it’s really worth knowing that so well The Fox thinks he’s a royal rule breaker, but he’s really just a two-bit thug and this is where he he learns that so Sorry, I have a new phone, and I’m kind of stupid with it still so Well hypothetically that’ll work, but it probably won’t Anyways the the coachman’s got these guys in his grasp now Regardless and partly because they’re already down this road And they can’t back off and partly because he also offers them more money than they’ve seen before and so as I said They’re going to get worse many of you. I presume have seen breaking bad and that’s a really good example of the of The incorporation at least in part or maybe the possession by the shadow from the union perspective right because you have this ordinary High school teacher who really thinks that he’s an axe and his family as well. You know like your typical persona roughly speaking. He’s just a normal guy But part of the reason that he’s a normal guy is because he’s a very nice guy And part of the reason that he’s a normal guy is because he actually hasn’t been put in abnormal Circumstances and then all of a sudden he is and he has a genuine moral conundrum right he’s going to die of lung cancer And his he has a has a son who’s got a lot of health problems And he’s terrified that that he’s going to leave his wife and his child behind with nothing And then of course has the story and so he decides to do something that temporarily that he regards as what they would normally regard as Reprehensible and of course he just gets tangled up in that but then as the story unfolds you see that there’s it’s more complicated because It’s not that he was just innocent good guy, and he decided to turn bad He’s also very resentful and angry and it’s partly because he’s a bit of a pushover at the beginning or maybe more than a bit of a pushover and Also that he didn’t really fulfill his own potential and that you know he had friends who? Walked down the entrepreneurial path and Maybe they weren’t quite fair to him, but whatever he ends up not very successful as a high school teacher So he’s really angry about that and so there’s more motivation for him Opening up the door to to the terrible elements of his personality than just the fact that he’s got good Motivations to do so and that that unfolds you know and so you see the warps and twists in his resentful character Increasingly manifest themselves as he walks down this road to really total brutality, and it is it’s quite good There’s a book called ordinary men. That’s a lot like that I don’t think I’ve mentioned that to you before but ordinary men is a book about it’s the best book of its type is Maybe it’s the only book of its type. It’s possible, but it’s plotted much like Breaking Bad in some sense It’s a story about these German policemen in In early stages of World War two and They were guys who were old enough to be raised in Germany really before the Hitler in propaganda Came out in full force. You know if you were a teenager say in the 1930s You were going to be pulled right into the propaganda machine And maybe you were part of the Hitler youth and like you were raised in that you know but if you were older than you were raised before that and You’re not as amenable to propaganda once you’re older than about well. I would say about 22 or something like that It’s it’s pretty young actually if you’re going to make a soldier you have to get a soldier young because once people are in their early 20s say they’re kind of they already have their personality developed anyways these policemen were sent into Poland after the Germans marched through and You know it was wartime, and there was this hypothesis in Germany that The Jews in particular were operating as a fifth column and undermining the German war effort because of course The Germans blamed the Jews and a variety of other people for actually Setting up the conditions that made the war necessary and so when the police were sent into Poland They were also required to make peace roughly speaking and so they started up by they started out by rounding up all the Jewish men between 18 and 65 and gathering them in in stadiums and then shipping them off on the trains But that isn’t where they ended they ended in in a very very dark place I mean these guys were going out in the field with naked pregnant women and shooting them in the back of the head by the end of their training and what’s really interesting about that is that is that Their commander told them that they could go home at any time So this is this is not one of those examples of people following orders and the reason they didn’t Roughly speaking there’s many reasons, but one of the reasons they didn’t is because they didn’t think it was comradely So to speak to leave their the guys they were working with to do all the dirty work and run off You know and that’s really in that’s really an interesting fact you know because you’d in different circumstances You wouldn’t think about that as reprehensible right you’d think well That’s part of teamwork and under rough circumstances, and that’s at least in part how they viewed it And they were also made physically ill multiple times physically and psychologically ill by the things that they had to do But they kept doing them anyways So it’s one step at a time and that’s the thing is that you end up in very bad places one step at a time So you got to watch those steps anyways Pinocchio has now decided after his latest misadventure to return to the proper pathway he’s off to school again and He’s still pretty naive although perhaps not as much so as he was before and so he decides that he’s going to do things right He’s going to go get educated. He’s going back to school He’s going to take the conventional route to discipline and do and be a good boy roughly speaking and so he’s off to school And then Fox way lays him again. This is a really interesting scene It took me quite a long time to unpack this too And so the Fox first of all starts out by acting like he’s sympathetic again sympathetic towards Pinocchio and so he’s empathetic you could say and So this is an interesting analysis of empathy so what happens is is the Fox? Convinces Pinocchio through a variety of maneuvers that he’s actually not feeling very well that he’s sick he really convinces him that he’s a victim and And one of the things I had a graduate student named Maya Jickich who who had Worked with the UN in in Bosnia And she had toured some of the mass grave sites there And we wrote a paper one time called you can neither remember nor forget what you don’t understand and it was a paper about The idea for example it was partly about the idea that we should never forget the Holocaust and that the idea there is that well We should never forget it and we shouldn’t repeat it But the thing is if you don’t understand how those things come about you can’t really remember them right you think about them as a set of historical facts, but That’s not the kind of remembering that actually makes any difference you have to understand the causal pathways You have to understand how a society would transform in that manner and more importantly you have to understand the role of the individuals Within that society unless you’re going to assume that they’re so completely unlike you that there’s no connection whatsoever In which case you haven’t remembered it at all you haven’t learned anything at all because the right lesson from what happened in the 20th century Is this is what human beings are like? that’s the correct lesson and you can say well not me but But you should but probably you too, that’s the thing probably and probably me too at least under normal circumstances anyways the Fox convinces Pinocchio that he’s sick He performs a lot of tricks to do this now You could say that Pinocchio is Susceptible to this because maybe there’s still part of them. That’s looking for the easy way out and so One of the things that Maya and I found when we were writing this paper we were looking at the discourse that precedes genocide in genocidal states and the enhancement of a sense of victimization on the part of one of the groups usually the group That’s going to commit the genocide first of all their sense as their sense of being victims is much heightened by The demagogues who are trying to stir up this sort of hatred so they basically say look You’ve been oppressed in a variety of ways and these are the people who did it and they’re not going to stop doing it And this time we’re going to get them before they get us It’s something like that and so there’s something very pathological about the enhancement of victimization which is well See that the problem as far as I I’m concerned with it is It’s not it’s not thought through very well Because there’s there’s a point that’s being made and the point is that People have been oppressed and they suffer and that’s true that point but that’s But then the proper framework from within which to interpret that I believe is that That’s characteristic of life You can’t take it personally in some sense and you can’t divide the world neatly into perpetrators and victims And you certainly can’t divide the world neatly into perpetrators and victims and then assume that you’re only in the victim class And then assume that that gives you certain like access to certain Forms of redress let’s say it gets dangerous very rapidly if you do that sort of thing so for example One of the things that characterized the soviet union and this was particularly true in the 1920s, but but afterwards is so The soviets were very much enamored of the idea of class guilt so for example Although it was only about 40 years previously that the serfs had been Emancipated they weren’t much more than slaves right and so that was the bulk of the russian population They were bought and sold along with the land So They had been emancipated and and some of them many of them had turned into independent Farmers and some of them had become reasonably prosperous because at least in principle I presume a certain proportion of them from being crooked But I presume a larger proportion from actually being able to raise food and of course at that time the bulk of the russian food population was produced by These relatively significant The amount of food that was produced by These relatively successful peasant farmers and relatively successful would mean Maybe they had a brick house or something and maybe they had a couple of cows and maybe they were able to hire a few people And so you know it wasn’t like they were massive landowners or anything, but I’ve talked to you a little bit about the Pareto principle and the notion that in any domain of activity A small proportion of people end up producing most of what’s in that domain of activity the same was true with regards to these peasant farmers some of them were extraordinarily efficient and they produced most of russia’s food when the communists came in they described those those land holders as parasites essentially predicated on the marxist idea that if Someone had extracted profit from an enterprise that they had basically stolen that profit from From from the people say that they had employed or otherwise oppressed and so you could be a member of the kulak K u l a c a k K u l a k you could be a member of the kulak class And then because you were a member of that class you were automatically guilty and so what happened was and you’ve got to think this Through to really understand what happened. So what happened was the intellectual communists were sent out In cadres out into these little towns to find people who would help them round up the kulaks now you got to think about what a small town is like because so imagine you’re in a town and there’s three or four people or maybe ten people or something like that who are a little more successful than everyone else and A certain number of people are going to be fine with that and maybe even happy about it because they regard those people as particularly productive And you know as stalwart members of the community regardless of their flaws But there’s going to be some people who are not happy about it at all That are going to be very resentful about that and jealous And so those are going to be people whose characters I would say are of the less positive type and so when the intellectuals came in and described the Reason that these people should be treated as parasites and profiteers Then it was the resentful minority in those towns and that would be the kind of guy that hangs around in the bar all the time And is completely unconscious and fails at everything and then blames everyone else for it The intellectuals came in and said here’s This is unfair that this happened to you. You’ve actually been victimized and now it’s your opportunity to go have your revenge And so that’s exactly what happened now in some of the villages some of sometimes the peasants would actually surround the The farmsteads of these more successful people and try to defend them But that never worked out for very long And so then these mobs these angry mobs would go into the farm houses and strip the place right down to nothing And they packed these people up and sent them on trains with no food At out to siberia where there was no place to live and so that they were packed into houses You know, maybe they had a square meter each to live in and all the children died of typhoid and And and many of them froze to death many many people died millions of people died as a consequence of the dekulakization At least in in as a consequence of its total effect. So what happened then was that? There wasn’t any food produced And so then six million ukrainians starved to death in the 1920s, which is something you never hear about right? You never hear about that. Why do you never hear about that? That’s a question worth asking You know, it was an absolute catastrophe. They used to So these people were starving Right to the point of cannibalism right? I mean it was ugly as ugly as anything you could possibly imagine If you were a mother and and so you’re supposed to hand all your grain into the central committee Mostly for distribution into the cities you didn’t get to keep any for yourself And so maybe then afterwards if you were a mother you’d go out in the fields that had already been Harvested and you pick up individual grains of wheat and if you didn’t turn those in they that was death for you So that’s how far it was pushed So that’s how far it was pushed so Well, so that’s a little story about How victimization how the idea of victimization and and perpetration can get out of hand extraordinarily rapidly and So whenever people are beating the victim drum You know, they’ll cover that up with with uh empathy roughly speaking we’re speaking on behalf of the oppressed it’s like Maybe you are but maybe you’re no saint because you know You’re so sure that you’re a saint and you’re only speaking from the position of good It’s highly unlikely anyway, so pinocchio is enticed into believing that he’s a victim now the logical part of that is that It is the case that you know, you can make a very strong case that Every human being is in some sense involved in a tragic enterprise Right because you’re biologically vulnerable you’re not what you could be as a biological specimen, right? You’re full of imperfections and plus you’re going to be sick and those you love are going to be sick and everything ends up in Death and so that there’s there’s a very tragic element to that and then by the same token You’re also subject to the tyrannical aspect of your culture, right? Because it’s it’s forcing you to be a certain way all the time And socialization does that you’re required to modify your own intrinsic nature in order to Come into conformity with the broader community and you can think about that from the piagetian sense Which is the socialization makes you a more and more sophisticated person And and there’s some truth in that but you can also be subject just to tyranny, you know And you see I see people in my my practice for example, who’ve had very tyrannical fathers For example, sometimes they have tyrannical mothers as well, but They’re not so much encouraged to to integrate properly into the social community as they are harassed and abused and made to feel Insufficient and you know basically subject to tyranny and so it’s quite and and that’s true of everyone to some degree You know you you come to university and there’s a tyrannical aspect to it. You’re in especially in a big institution like this Because you’re not really marked out as an individual in any sense, you know You’re you’re a number along with 60,000 other people and you know There’s something cold and impersonal about that which is well represented in the design of this classroom say And but by the same token, you know that the university provides you with an identity While you’re exploring an intellectual landscape, you know, you have a lot of freedom compared To the vast majority of people perhaps you don’t have as much freedom as You might if you compared it to Some utopian notion of freedom, but in any real world sense, you’re unbelievably well protected by the university partly because It stamps you with the identity student which is a respectable identity and so you can go off and educate yourself as much as you can Well, and everyone in society says that’s okay. They carve out a protected space for you So at the same time as you’re being tyrannized by the institution And and and forced in some ways also to adopt the viewpoint say of the professors depending on the professor You’re also The beneficiary of that just like you’re the beneficiary of this huge industrial infrastructure that underlies everything we do So anyways the the the fact that your life is tragic Necessarily and that you are subject to oppression makes the victimization story really easy to swallow But then there’s dark side of that too, and this is actually what happens with Pinocchio. So what happens here is that he’s told that he’s ill and convinced that he’s ill and they do use trickery and and and so again, you could look at him in some sense as an innocent victim, but the innocence The filmmakers do a good job of Hedging against the innocent interpretation because what he’s offered and accepts Because he’s ill is an easy way out and so what the fox basically tells him is that He needs to have a vacation because he’s sick and he can go off to pleasure island Which is this place of impulsivity roughly speaking and and whim it’s like reversion to being two years old in some sense And that he really needs that because otherwise he’s not going to be able to Live properly he’s not going to be able to recover his health and so what Pinocchio is offered Is the opportunity to abandon responsibility As a reward for adopting the guise of victim And that’s really worth thinking about because one of the things i’ve thought about for a long time Is that i’ve been trying to figure out what gives people’s lives meaning and Tragedy gives life its negative meaning and nobody disputes that even if you’re nihilistic You’re not going to dispute the fact that tragedy gives life negative meaning so when nihilistic Meaning so when nihilists say that life is meaningless that isn’t exactly what they mean They mean that life is suffering, but there isn’t anything transcendent about it that you could set against that suffering. That’s nihilism It’s not that life is meaningless. That would just be neutral. It’s like No one believes that and they certainly don’t act like they believe it If you look at it technically and we will as we progress through this class that in order to have any positive meaning in your life You have to have identified a goal And you have to be working towards it and there is a technical reason for that and The technical reason as far as I can tell is that the circuitry that produces the kind of positive emotion that people really like Is only activated when you notice that you’re When you’re proceeding towards a goal that you value And so that means that if you don’t have a goal that you value you can’t have any positive emotion so Technically that’s the incentive reward system and it’s the underlying circuitry is dopaminergic and when that circuitry is activated then It’s part of the exploratory circuit. It makes you it gives you the sense of being actively engaged in something worthwhile And that’s you know you you tend to think of positive emotion as something produced by reward But there’s two kinds of positive emotion one is the reward that’s associated with satiation And that’s consummatory reward and that’s the reward you get when you’re hungry and you eat but the thing about eating when you’re hungry is that It destroys the framework within which you were operating right it’s time to eat While you eat and then that framework’s no longer relevant so the consummatory reward eliminates the value framework And then you’re stuck with well What are you going to do next and so the consummatory reward has with it its own problems? But the incentive reward is constantly what keeps you moving forward And incentive reward because it’s dopaminergic also is analgesic Literally analgesic so if you’re in pain you take opiates and that that will cut the pain but so will psychomotor stimulants like cocaine or amphetamines and So it’s literally the case that if you’re engaged in something that’s engaging and you’re working towards a goal That you’re going to feel less pain and you can see this happening with athletes who you know They’ll break their thumb or something or maybe sometimes even their ankle and they’ll keep playing the game Of course afterwards they’re suffering like mad But the fact that they’re so filled with goal-directed enthusiasm means that Well the pain systems are in some sense shut off So that’s an interesting thing because what it suggests I mean then you could imagine I might say well How happy are you that you’ve made a certain amount of progress and if you think about it what you’d say is well It depends on how much progress and in relationship to what so hypothetically you’re going to be happier If you’ve made quite a bit of progress towards a really important goal And then you have to think through what it means for a goal to be really important because that’s not obvious now you could say you’re in this class and you’re listening to some information and Maybe there’s two reasons for that. You might find the information interesting per se but let’s forget about that for a minute You need to listen to the information so that you can do well on the assignments so that you can do well in the class You need to do well in your classes so that you can finish up your degree You need to finish up your degree so that you can find your place in the world You need to do that so that you’re financially stable and maybe you can start a family And have a life and that’s all part of being a good person something like that and so That’s a hierarchy of goals And you might say that being a good person would be the thing However vaguely thought through that’s at the top of that hierarchy And then when you’re doing things that serve The that ultimate purpose then you’re going to find those more meaningful and that meaning is actually produced as a consequence of the engagement Of this exploratory circuit that’s nested right down in your hypothalamus. It’s really really old It’s as old as thirst and it’s as old as hunger. It’s really an old system and so you want to have that thing activated, I mean at least from a from a from a Well, it isn’t only from a hedonic point of view, you know, it isn’t a matter of being happy It’s the wrong way of thinking about it’s much more complicated than that It’s yes Yeah, because i’m just trying to understand This this I guess not relationship but the differentiation between hedonism and satiation and you like going back to when you Mentioned that it’s not that life is meaningless. Yeah But hedonism isn’t exactly like it’s not satiation because at that point people are just doing what they’re doing for the sake of doing it’s not just for activation of the Dopamine energy system. Yeah So i’m just trying to understand Well what I would say we’re going to go into that a lot Once we’re done this like a lot, but i’ll go over it briefly I mean, it’s not merely hedonism because there’s an analgesic and and also a fear reducing element to pursuing the proper path Right, so there’s control of negative emotion But there’s not just control of negative emotion and generation of positive emotion in the immediate future Which is kind of what you’d think about with regards to hedonism actually panokia takes a hedonic route next the problem with the hedonic route is that So the pursuit of pure happiness, let’s say is that what makes you happy In the next minute might not be something that will make you happy in the next hour. Well, you know that there’s this Comic what’s his name? They called him king of the one-liners He talked about drinking wine. He said don’t you know that’s going to cause a hangover He said yeah at the end but the beginning and middle are excellent. And so that’s really the problem with hedonism, right is that To pursue something that makes you happy in the immediate present risk sacrificing your well many things but at least let’s say your hedonism in the medium to long term and of course that is one of the Major problems with drug use and alcohol is a really good example of that because whatever hedonic kick you might get from it That moment at night you’re going to pay for almost completely or maybe even more so because the next day you’re The next day you’re Much more jittery and anxious and that’s a that’s a direct consequence of withdrawing from the drug So when you’re in when you have a hangover you’re in alcohol withdrawal So that’s how fast you you get roughly speaking Addicted to it. And so if you take another drink when you’re hungover, it’ll cure it But it’s not a very useful cure because all you do is push the inevitable hangover one more step into the future and so part of the problem with the hedonic answer is Happy when? Exactly and over what period of time and also who’s happy because maybe something makes you happy but makes your family miserable Now you could say well, I don’t care But you do care if you have to live with your family because they’re going to take it out on you. So So the the impulse of hedonism Which is also fostered say by a positive emotion It tends to put people into a state of the pursuit of short-term hedonism. It’s not a good long-term Or medium to long-term solution I actually think that’s why people evolved conscientiousness Right because conscientiousness is not happy conscientious people aren’t Conscientious because it makes them happy We’re starting to think that they’re conscientious because they actually feel terrible if they’re just sitting around doing nothing And so it’s a way of staving off Stress the stress that’s related to enforced leisure something like that, you know, you if you know industrious people Some of you’ll have it some of you are industrious some of you will have industrious parents They just can’t sit around and do nothing. They have to be working. They don’t feel good unless they’re working so what thing about conscientiousness is that It involves continual sacrifice, right? You’re doing difficult things in the present Hypothetically to make the future better But that’s not driven by hedonism by any stretch of the imagination and conscientiousness is actually a pretty good predictor of long-term life success in stable societies Because there’s also no point in being conscientious and saving things up and storing things if a bunch of thugs are going to just come in Randomly and and take it all away So conscientiousness actually only works intelligently in societies that have some medium to long-term stability You know because you can get wiped out by hyperinflation too because hyperinflation kills off the conscientious people The people who accrued debts are thrilled when hyperinflation kicks in because it wipes out their debts But of course those debts are the things they owe to people who were conscientious enough to save So anyways, Pinocchio was transformed into a victim and he’s offered this he’s offered this identity And he takes it now. It’s partly because he’s deceived and manipulated, but it’s also partly because the fox offers him the abandonment of responsibility as payment for As payment for adopting the victim identity. So this is where his own Lack of morality, let’s say because this is all about Pinocchio’s development as a character plays a role in his demise so If i’m a victim then everyone else owes me something And I don’t have to take any responsibility. And so one of the things i’ve wondered Here’s something to think about It might be that the sense of meaning that life can provide to you is proportionate to the amount of responsibility you decide to take on That that’d be very strange if it was the case, you know, because responsibility of course is a kind of weight obviously and it’s difficult to take on responsibility, but if Any positive emotion that you feel and your control of anxiety and the control over pain Is dependent on the activation of these systems that watch you move towards a desired goal then the more complete and weighty the goal is The more kicked there’s going to be in the observation that you’re moving towards it and you know, you kind of already know this because You’ll you’ll have observed in your own life that when you’re engaged in something that you believe in That the time passes properly You know, you can see this even if you’re maybe you’re reading a paper and it’s actually related in some Intelligible manner to something that you want to learn. So Even though it’s difficult you get engaged in it You can remember it better you can process it better And you don’t you’re not so likely to fall asleep and you’re not so likely to want to find distractions all of that you can get into it and It would be very interesting if that was proportionate to the degree of responsibility that you’re willing to shoulder And I think you can make a strong case for that I’ve also often wondered Imagine you could offer people a choice Here’s the choice you could say well Your life isn’t meaningful the nihilists have got it right there’s no meaning in your life and Because of that there’s no reason for you to accept any responsibility so You can live a responsibility free life and maybe one of impulsive pleasure seeking but a responsibility free life But the price you pay is that it doesn’t get to be meaningful Or you could say to someone no, we’re going to do the opposite. We’re going to say you can live a meaningful life But it’s only going to be as meaningful as the amount of responsibility that you’re willing to bear And then you might say well, what would people choose? Because everybody also always makes noises about wanting to have a meaningful life But if the price you pay for that is the adoption of responsibility, then it’s not so obvious that people would choose meaning over You know over pointless pursuits If they had to if the benefit they got for choosing the pointless pursuits was that they really didn’t have to Care about anything they ever did right? There’s no responsibility and that’s really what pinocchio is offered and that’s what the coachman offers him and that’s interesting because You know so far it’s been the fox and the cat and they’re kind of two-bit hoods and so The pathological pathway that they offer pinocchio is not the worst of the pathological pathways But here at least as far as the imagination the collective imagination that created this movie is concerned is this is where you get to the most pathological form of Let’s call it temptation and that’s the temptation to engage in To abandon responsibility and to engage in impulsive pleasure-seeking Short-term pleasure-seeking. So here’s the fox pretending to be a doctor investigating Pinocchio’s illness and he makes some notes, which is all just meaningless Scribble right? It’s like white noise And it doesn’t matter that the arguments that he’s making is are completely incoherent And it doesn’t matter that he actually doesn’t know anything he what he’s selling is easy to buy and so Pinocchio buys it And by the end of the conversation with the fox He’s pretty convinced that he’s useless and that he needs a vacation you know This is an edible situation as well, which I touched on the other lecture. I mean Let’s imagine that you have a child that is a little on the neurotic side So high negative emotion and maybe one that’s also a little bit on the sickly side. So has a variety of Let’s say relatively minor ailments, but the ailments nonetheless So what that means as a Parent will say mother for this example because I want to use the edible example You have to make a decision all the time about exactly how you’re going to treat that child One decision is well, I’m not going to you don’t have to go to school today because you’re not feeling well. It’s like Fair enough But do you mind if I ask you something? But do you make the same decision the next day and do you make the same decision the next day and Let’s imagine that you enable the child to avoid responsibility as a consequence of capitalizing on their illness Well, then that’s not going to be very good for the child the rule with a sickly child has to be something like I’m going to push you right to your limit Because otherwise How is the person going to figure out what they can do? And if they can’t figure out what they can do Then they’re not going to be able to make their way in the world at all And then that gets muddied very badly if you’re not exactly sure that you want them to make their way in the world You know, maybe you’re just as happy because you’d be sitting at home alone if your child was there with you And maybe you’d be just as happy at some level if they never grew up at all Because then they won’t leave And so and maybe that’s because you have a terrible marriage and you’re lonesome, you know Maybe it’s an abusive marriage and your husband has chased away all your friends And so you don’t have anything at all and maybe that’s because he didn’t stand up for yourself very well Apart from the fact that he was you know, tyrannical in his central nature And so then all those little warps and bends in your psyche are going to manifest themselves, right? Right in the background of every single one of those decisions My daughter had a lot of illnesses when she was adolescent and They were very serious and it was very difficult to figure out what to do about that because You you couldn’t exactly apply normative rules, right? And we always had to figure out if she was Communicating her symptoms to us how seriously to take those and the answer was the least amount of serious possible it’s something like that because We needed to do and she needed to know what she could do in spite of the fact that she had problems And one of the things I really tried to instill in her And I think it worked is that you don’t ever want to use your illness as an excuse for not doing anything Not consciously, you know, sometimes you might not know i’m not feeling well. What can I do? Well, you don’t know right because Sometimes when you’re not feeling well, you can do more than you think and sometimes you can do less than you think It’s not like it’s obvious, but sometimes it’s obvious You know this little temptation flits through your mind and you think well I don’t really want to do what i’m doing today and i’m not feeling very well So I don’t have to do it you do that a hundred times then you don’t know how sick you are anymore And then you’re then you’re in real trouble because not only are you sick, but you actually have you’ve muddied the waters and so you have both problems then is you’re actually ill and you’ve Betrayed yourself by using that as an excuse not to pursue your responsibilities And that I think if you do both of the both of those things happen to you at the same time You’re in real trouble. That’s really hard not to have that happen So anyways, pinocchio gets enticed into believing that he’s a victim the fact that he’s Insufficient is used as an excuse by the fox and the cat to offer him A trip to pleasure island and this is I think where the movie gets particularly dark And so off they go singing away they have to carry him So you could say in some sense he’s carried by societal pathology in his own trouble He’s carried like a puppet off to pleasure island and so the cricket The cricket is again left behind. He’s not the world’s best conscience at this point So pinocchio goes off to meet the coachman and the coachman has already said he’s collecting bad little boys and He’s he’s he’s got them all in the coach. They’re all delinquent types here The ticket on the coach was the ace of spades, which is what pinocchio is holding and he’s with this character Here called lampwick That’s an interesting name So he’s the he’s the thing that burns in the middle of a light lampwick and that’s interesting because it’s a play on lucifer Because lucifer means bringer of light and so lampwick is a play on that and Lampwick is really a nasty piece of work. He’s got this false arrogance about him He’s got this like cynical voice really deeply cynical voice and he’s only I don’t know How old he’s supposed to be in this maybe 12 or something like that or 13 and so he’s one of those kids Who’s who’s become prematurely cynical? I’ll tell you a story about that. So I used to live in montreal. I lived in a poor neighborhood and uh One day I was out in the back alley building a fence because I was putting a little fence around my back my little tiny backyard and there was a house across the alley down the street aways where there was a lot of like Not good partying a lot of bikers were hanging around there and I knew there was a little kid that lived there as well Anyways, I was out there in the back alley pounding away on my fence and these little kids came up and they were little they Were like three and four years old hey and they spoke joelle right uh kind of Really heavily accented quebecois french and so my french isn’t good so I could hardly understand them But they were what they were watching me hammer and they got a little closer And they had one one kid who was clearly the leader had a real scowl on his face Hey, and so they were watching and I kind of motioned to one of them that they could use the hammer And that kid said uh, and I i’m gonna mangle this but he said j’ai volé or something like that And what it meant is i’ll steal that And so I thought you know and then he came over and he tugged on it and he wanted Me to take it and he was quite angry and well I was gonna let him take it and then so So I couldn’t engage him. I couldn’t get him to play You know and his buddies were sort of hanging around behind him and they wouldn’t come and play because he wouldn’t And so he was hostile right away to me and then So the fence piece was laying out in the alley and these little monsters Started running across it which I thought was really remarkable, you know But it was terrible at the same time because they were really little kids That shouldn’t be happening when you’re like three or four if that’s happening at that age things are not good And so that kid was already like Seriously, not happy with the world and you know, I’d been studying antisocial behavior for a long time by that point and I knew that the kids who are destined to jail later in their lives are kids who are Rough and tough when they’re two years old, but then don’t get socialized or maybe worse. They get anti-socialized Which is exactly what happened to this kid. He’d obviously been ignored and abused Certainly no one had ever played with him in any real way because he he wouldn’t play and It’s not good if a kid is that little and you can’t get them to play something’s gone seriously wrong Because they’re so playful at that age that like it’s like 90 percent of them Anyway, so they were running back and forth on this fence. I thought stomping on it, you know, and I was right there. I thought Well, I first of all, I thought that was remarkable But I also thought it was absolutely horrifying because you know in some sense I could see where this kid was headed and why At that early stage in his life. It’s really It’s not a pleasant thing to behold, you know, but there was nothing that could be done about it And that’s kind of what this lampwick is like. He’s Prematurely cynical this kid was already cynical and he was like four years old, you know Most kids don’t get cynical till they’re teenagers, you know And then often they don’t get completely cynical and usually they more or less grow out of it but He had it happened to him much earlier. So this lampwick character he’d already he’s already decided that He knows everything that everyone else is his opinion is worth nothing and that there’s nothing in culture or society that holds any utility whatsoever For someone like him now you can imagine developing that way If you were raised in a family where people were general generally lying to you And that they randomly treated you or neglected you and that you couldn’t discern anything about them that was admirable or positive You know, it’s of course you’d assume that the whole structure is corrupt and that you had to take care of yourself And no one else well, not of course not everyone assumes that under those situations I shouldn’t say of course, but it’s a but it’s a logical set of conclusions so And of course, it’s proportionate to some degree to how much abuse you take Although there are lots of stories of people who’ve been terribly abused as children who grew up to be, you know kind remarkable responsible thoughtful People who were absolutely opposed to abuse instead of propagating it. There’s no direct causal pathway anyways lampwick Is pretty happy to be on this on this coach Way to pleasure island, which he’s heard about he said well It’s all you can eat. It’s all you can smoke. You don’t have to do any work and you can do anything you want so You might say well, it’s too good to be true Like the gingerbread house in the hansel and gretel story Right, the kids are lost. There’s a gingerbread house It’s a house which is something they need and it’s made out of cookies It looks like it’s a little bit too good to be true and of course in the house, there’s a The negative part of that which is the old witch who wants to eat children and that’s a story about What happens to people if they’re offered more than they should be offered? so Anyways lampwick is firing off He has a little slingshot and he’s firing off pebbles at the horses who are Pulling the carriage and that’s just kind of the guy that he is so he takes pinocchio under his wing And the cricket is down there in the dust. He’s caught back up to the carriage, but he’s uh He’s in he’s having a rough time at this point. This is also a story to some degree about the transition into adolescence You know because adolescence is a time people are still pretty impulsive and Their view is quite short-term and they’re more likely to pursue immediate pleasures and and all of that and that can get really out of hand so Anyways, they separate from the mainland And go on a boat and so they’re off to pleasure island dark place and uh the coachman opens the gates and lets the delinquents into pleasure island and they basically have a riot and This is pleasure island here Um It’s full of amusement park rides and You know one of the things that’s kind of interesting about horror movies I’m sure you’ve noticed this is that they’re often set at amusement parks and clowns are often characters of horror We’ll leave the clowns aside for now, but the amusement park thing that’s pretty interesting. It’s like why in the world would an amusement park? Be a place of horror And the first question might be well, have you ever been to an amusement park? Because there is something about them that’s really They have a dark side a clear dark side and part of it is that People with nothing better to do are spending money stupidly and they’re being fleeced by the people who operate the the amusement park, you know, and they have Let’s say a stereotypically dark reputation And they’re moving around all the time Which is also something that psychopaths do and all they’re doing is moving from community to community and taking the money from the rubes fundamentally and so the amusement park well If you walk through an amusement park with that sort of thing in mind Maybe that’s also coloring your vision, of course, but it’s something that you can see very immediately So there’s something about them that’s sort of deeply sad But there’s also that under there’s an underlying horror that characterizes them that it’s easy for horror movie And or horror novel writers to immediately expand upon and there’s something about it that That makes sense to people so It’s too easy. Maybe that’s And it’s also all short-term gratification. That’s the other thing. So you spend your money very rapidly and it’s gone. Yep Well, it seems like a sort of a celebration of meanings Divorced away from reality. Yes, exactly. Well, that’s the impulsive element that the comment was it’s a celebration of Of meanings divorced from reality. Yeah, that’s well, it’s also outside of reality, right? That’s why it’s on an island It’s it’s a separate universe And it’s a universe where nothing that’s happening is connected to anything outside and you’re spending your hard-earned money. Let’s say but It isn’t that much. It’s certainly not an investment. It’s not that much different than burning it What is because of course you get some pleasure out of it but but It isn’t going there every day is probably not the wisest move that you could make so The animators do a good job of of while of presenting The what would you call it the enforced hedonism? I guess I would say of a place like that This is a place where you’re going to have fun. That’s what it’s for so Anyways lampwick who’s got this very arrogant Look on his face and this kind of strut. It’s a it’s a bravado. That’s what that’s called It’s a false confidence and it’s it’s the sort of thing that people do when they’re trying to Impress upon others that they’re high in the dominance hierarchy, but really they’re not so it’s a mimicry of of dominance But it’s something that can that can be intimidating. There’s no doubt about it I had a friend He he he didn’t come to a good end this this person who was a real good friend of mine When I was in junior high and high school, and he was kind of crazy and He was tall he was about six foot seven and he was pretty thin And we used to go out to the bar now and then and in many of the bars that we were in We lived in this little town There were bullies and these were guys and I worked in the bars and I used to watch these guys and they’d basically There was a handful of them in town pretty psychopathic types And they’d go to the bar and all they do is sit there and wait for someone to come in who they could beat up And they knew who it was as soon as they walked in that’s actually why they were at the bar and so they’d wait till someone came in who didn’t look very confident and who could likely be intimidated by by this sort of thing and then they’d They’d Tell them to come outside for a fight and if they didn’t well, then they of course make fun of them And if they did well generally they’d beat them up My friend kind of caught on to this trick and he started going to bars and every time that someone like that Came near him. He’d go outside and fight with them And one of the things he observed right away is that almost inevitably when he went outside with them, they’d shake hands and make friends so as soon as he’s and it was really remarkable watching him because he he wasn’t He wasn’t a particularly physically powerful person, although he was extraordinarily tall But he had started to play this game and he did it for a long time and I don’t remember him ever actually having to fight. He just stared them down fundamentally So it’s very interesting thing to watch but it was an indication to me of exactly how shallow this kind of bravado bullying actually is but people don’t People don’t find that out because they won’t stand up and it’s not surprising but Anyways, they load up on food Pinocchio is carrying a pie and an ice cream cone simultaneously and then they’re off to have a fight and Lamplight says something like it’s good to punch someone in the nose Sometimes just for the I think he says heck of it And so Pinocchio adopts this strut and then they go to the rough house And then in the next scene you see this model home up for destruction. It’s quite an interesting scene symbolically you see In the middle of this house here, there’s a stained glass window that has a Mandela on it. We’ll see it more clearly in a minute and a mandela is a sacred symbol of the self That’s that’s the union interpretation. It’s a symbol. It’s very difficult to describe, but it’s it’s a symbol Music is a mandela except it’s it’s played out across time So you could say that that thing is the same as music, but it’s kind of like a slice of music. It’s It’s it’s the same idea, you know, sometimes You see those slow motion or sped up motion videos of a flower unfolding That’s the same. It’s the same idea You can imagine that being set to music and somehow that would make sense and the mandela is like a symbol of the unfolding of being And or the source of meaning or something like that, and it’s also a symbol of the self Um From the union perspective and so there you see it more clearly The kids are starting to burn this place and and to trash it and they’re dragging a grand piano down the down the stairs The destruction of high culture about which they’re nothing but cynical Because they don’t believe that hard work and sacrifice can can produce something of any value and they want to bring it down and destroy it and that’s partly because You can see this in the story of cain and abel um Abel is hard working and everyone likes him and he makes the proper sacrifices and so his life goes really well And that’s part of the reason that cain hates him And he’s jealous and resentful but worse than that if you’re around someone if you’re not doing very well, especially if that’s your own fault If you’re not doing very well and you’re around someone who’s doing very well It’s very painful because the mere fact of their being Judges you And so it’s very easy to want to destroy that to destroy that ideal So that you don’t have to live with the terrible consequences of seeing it embodied in front of you And so part of the reason that people want to tear things down is so that they don’t have anything To contrast themselves against and to feel bad and that’s exactly what’s happening here. The kids are destroying all of this culture roughly speaking Because It judges them the fact that it exists judges them and i’ve often thought this about michelangelo’s statue of david which is this heroic so david was a shepherd obviously and It doesn’t sound like much but back in those times being a shepherd was a big deal because there were lions And you had a slingshot and so like you got to defend your sheep from lions with a slingshot So you weren’t exactly this like 19th century english guy dressed in a you know, frilly blue suit You were tough as a bloody Well as someone who would go after a lion with a slingshot, it’s no joke Anyways, the statue is very heroic and you know you look at that and you think well That’s the possibility of of humankind. But by the same token, it’s also what you’re not And so as well as being an ideal, it’s a judge and every ideal is a judge so yes Going back to your example of k-table. Yeah Um, so you’re you’re using that as an example to illustrate becoming bitter as a result of not Being able to achieve sure Uh status as a result success even success as a result of hard work, but yeah in the example of k-table. Yeah Um, like one was a shepherd and the other was a farmer and the one no, no one is yes, that’s right One yes, the shepherd was the one who was favored. Yes, that’s right So was that a result of the hard work or was that a result of good question? The stories and well, that’s a good question Those stories are very very complicated and the story is very ambivalent about whether cain is not rewarded because he makes bad sacrifices Or because god’s just in a bad mood And I like that if you read the story, I’ve read multiple translations of the story And when when cain comes to god to complain god basically tells him look buddy Before you go about criticizing the structure of reality. You should look to your own inadequacies. He says sin Crouches at your door like a predatory sexually aroused animal and you invited it in to have its way with you And something has emerged as a consequence. So don’t be bothering me about my creation before you look to yourself So there’s a very strong hint that the reason that god has not favored cain’s sacrifices is because they weren’t of particularly good quality So but that but it is ambivalent in the story and there is the shepherd versus farmer motif as well And of course that motif runs through the entire corpus of stories to some degree, especially the shepherd motif So it’s only about a paragraph long that whole story and it packs all that into that tiny little amount of space but The the idea that cain kills able to get rid of his ideal and also to punish god roughly speaking It’s a brilliant story I mean these guys who go around shooting up high schools or shooting up High schools in particular, but you know They’re definitely out for revenge and what they’re revenging themselves against or to who is not exactly clear Anyway, so these kids are just tearing down this model home Tearing down western civilization, I suppose is another way of looking at or just tearing down civilization period And pinocchio is having a pretty good time he’s got his axe and he’s looking a little malevolent there and and happy to be destroying things which is of course Pretty simple thing to do. So there’s that image that I told you about the mandala and that’s a flower in this image and and so What happens is that? I think it’s lampwick throws a brick through it and so that what that means symbolically is this the self is a symbol of your potential among very many other things, but By engaging in this sort of impulsive destructive activity Lampwick and pinocchio are making it impossible for them to further their development and they’re doing that to some degree consciously You know They basically say to hell with it and toss a brick through this highest ideal the thing through which light shines So also that harkens back to the to the star as well so Anyways The coachman is paying attention to all this and he’s actually pretty happy about the fact that these boys are so involved in their stupid amusements that That they’re not paying any attention to what’s actually going on and he calls these people out of the darkness these creatures out of the darkness So you get these black you can hardly see them there But they’re they’re black cloaked figures with glowing eyes and they’re shutting the door of the of the amusement park That’s very interesting. It’s an extraordinarily interesting Happening it’s like okay. So all of a sudden the amusement park is so we already know that the coachman is up to no good But now he’s got these minions that are faceless in some sense They’re clearly creatures of the night and they’re up to no good and so you have the sense that That the boys are being offered bread bread and circuses roughly speaking, but there’s something there’s a real reason for it there’s a manipulative reason for it, they’re being enticed into a trap and The doors are closed and these underground beings are involved in the plot and and obviously the coachman understands this perfectly well, and so one of the ways to Understand this is to think about what totalitarian states have to offer their populace and what they offer them and this happened Particularly as rome declined let’s say that’s where the term bread and circuses Originally came from is that as the situation degenerates? Then people have to be offered stupid amusements more and more frequently in order to for them to ignore What’s actually going on in the background? And you know a war can be that kind of stupid amusement Anyways the next later that night the entire place is completely devastated and All we see is the wreckage of everything that was there before and again the cricket has got separated from pinocchio And so he’s trying to find him and pinocchio ends up in this This bar that’s shaped like an eight ball Eight ball is kind of the random ball in in pool And anyways, he’s inside the eight ball and he’s shooting pool with with lampwick and that’s just another indication of Wasting his time basically and you can see in the forefront there. There’s some cards for gambling and so he’s engaged in these sort of You might say pointless hedonic pursuits and he’s Enticing pinocchio along the same route and so he teaches him to smoke First that doesn’t go very well so pinocchio takes a huge drag on a cigar and it just about kills him and When lampwick asks him how he likes it he shakes his head and says you know that it’s really was really quite good but he’s So sick that he can hardly stand up and he’s hallucinating double balls on the pool table And then the cricket shows up and stands on the eight ball and kind of gives one of those Declamatory speeches again, you know because he still hasn’t quite figured out that Standing up proud and spouting off the rules isn’t exactly the right way for that conscience to behave and lampwick picks him up by the scruff of the neck roughly speaking and First of all asks who he is so obviously he’s divorced from his own conscience and then makes fun of pinocchio for paying attention to this little bug and That’s kind of a nice indication of what happens in adolescence, you know because Of course as the children move away from their parents and into their groups Especially when the groups are misbehaving Often what happens is that the other members of the group will torture a person who isn’t willing to try something dangerous or foolish By making fun of the fact that they’re you know too attached to their conscience, and there’s a positive element to that because You should take some risks when you’re a teenager and also later in life and so If you won’t take any risks, there’s actually something wrong with you, but there’s a negative element in that well You know teenagers do all sorts of stupid things and perhaps it’s amazing that we all live through it Actually as far as i’m concerned and some people take extraordinarily risks Extraordinary risks and they don’t make it through at all or they end up In the permanently anti-social population and then they end up in a situation where they’re not doing anything And then they end up in a social population and then they’re you know basically Career criminals five percent of the criminals commit 95 percent of the crimes. It’s another Pareto distribution so anyways Lampwick isn’t going to listen to Pinocchio and or to the cricket he laughs at him with this kind of braying laugh Which is some foreshadowing and The cricket gets all upset puts his coat on backwards and ends up Down a pool table hole and Otherwise abused and so he stomps on out of there He tells Pinocchio that he can take care of himself and he stomps on out of there And so Pinocchio is left without the guidance of conscience and the cricket is trying to figure out how to get off pleasure island, but He goes through the gates and he sees what’s actually going on And what’s going on is that the coachman has this like slave boat Down in the bowels of the island and he’s got all these these black suited minions with the glowing eyes Working for him and they’re rounding up What looked like donkeys? And so they’re beasts of burden right and so there’s an idea here that if you produce If you pursue impulsive pleasure to the detriment of the development of your character You’re going to end up a beast of burden. You’re going to end up a slave to a tyrant And that’s exactly right and so anyways, but the cricket doesn’t you can see one of those black suited horrors here Hauling donkeys out of this crate and one of them has a hat on And they look very sad and they’re in different crates and one of them says sold to the salt mines and one says sold to the circus and so they’re shipped off to be To be slaves roughly speaking and they look very sad And then one of them gets hauled out of a crate and he’s still got a hat He has a hat on and a sweater and he can still talk He’s a boy. It turns out that’s been half transformed into a jackass a braying jackass prior to being enslaved And so that’s that’s another thing that’s quite interesting about the story, you know It it also makes the case that if you replace your voice with stupid braying That the probability that you’re going to become enslaved by a tyrant is extraordinarily high and I always can’t Help, but think about Idiot ideologues in that manner, you know Solzhenitsyn wrote about the radical left ideologues that got thrown in the gulag archipelago, you know So they were party stalwarts this happened to a lot of people true believers who were vacuumed up by the stalagmist machine and thrown thrown into the gulag anyways, and He said that those people suffered in some ways more than everyone else because What did he say? They were bit by the beloved hand that fed them And so the first while when they were in the camps solzhenitsyn really didn’t know what to do with people like that because on the one hand Well, they were in the camps and wasn’t that awful and they’ve been torn away from their families and you know Stripped of all their identity and their status and so that’s pretty rough But on the other hand they were writing letters protesting their innocence and assuming that everyone else in the camp was guilty But they were innocent and they were still strident believers in the communist Process and so, you know, it was a conundrum here. They are Being terribly punished, but by the same token, they’re also the perpetrators of their own demise. So how do you deal with them? And they used to play comrades he said they used to play comrades with people like that and invite them into an ideological discussion about The camp situation and the situation in the country as a whole And let them rattle out their Ideological justifications for everything that had happened in trying to make them parody themselves Roughly speaking. It was a rough game And solzhenitsyn also concluded that There is no helping someone like that When they were still ensconced inside that braying ideology, you could predict everything they were going to say It’s like someone had a crank you could just crank it and out would come the proper ideological formulas but then he realized that as soon as they Let’s call it repented of that and started to realize their their own role in it or the error of the system then he would start Communicating with them, you know as if they were people who Who you could communicate with yeah So that was very interesting as far as i’m concerned anyways, this kid is still a little bit human He starts to cry for his mom And the coachman basically throws him back into the crate and says that he’s not ready yet And the reason for that is that he could still he still had the power of independent speech you remember Right at the beginning of the movie when the mouth was painted on pinocchio. We saw that mask that was really Glaring at the process I said that character recurs continually throughout the movie and is a good example of that because The coachman is the enemy of anything that has its own voice So he’s the anti-jeppetto. That’s a good way of thinking about it. He’s the tyrannical aspect of the of the culture but as insofar as one of these Mostly donkeys mostly jackasses can still talk then they’re not completely fit for slavery and you remember this movie was also being made at about the same time that The nazi transformation of germany was taking place and so all these terrible underground things, you know this this process whereby people were being reduced to to ideological slaves say and in this terrible process that was all playing out in europe in a very big way And it’s not like people weren’t Aware of that, you know, it was in the air so Anyways the the donkeys the jackasses that can still talk are crying and complaining and repenting and The coachman turns into a full tyrant again and cracks a whip if I remember correctly and says you’ve had your fun And now you’re going to pay for it So the cricket gets word of all this he gets wind of it He starts to understand what’s happened is that all these bad kids were enticed out onto this island So that they could be enslaved and he’s really Taken aback by that to say the least but he realizes what’s going on. So he runs back to find Pinocchio and then the scene switches back to the eight ball bar where Lampwick is drinking beer and complaining about what the conscience said, you know Because he’s kind of guilty and ashamed but he won’t admit it because he doesn’t admit anything. He knows everything He’s not going to admit anything about himself. That isn’t perfect. He’s a real Totalitarian in training and he drinks this beer and he’s laughing about the conscience and putting him down and then he says well What what is what does he say exactly? What does he think I am a jackass or something like that? Maybe that’s not the words exactly and then he grows these these ears and Pinocchio sees that and immediately takes a look at the beer and stops drinking it and then Lampwick transforms one more time and his face turns into the face of a donkey and he’s laughing still and then his his hands Oh, yes He laughs and he starts to bray like a like a jackass and he’s horrified by that and then Pinocchio laughs and The brain comes out as well. And so now they’re absolutely horrified and Lampwick actually figures out what’s going on. He figures out that he’s been tricked and that he’s transforming and he’s completely Horrified by it. He becomes conscious of what’s happening to him and there’s one particularly I would say dramatic scene where his hands have transformed in hooves and he’s Kicking and and and and Leaping around the room in panic and he comes up to a mirror and sees himself as a jackass and then he turns around And breaks the mirror and so, you know, he’s self-conscious for a moment Then he destroys his capacity for self-consciousness then he transforms entirely into a jackass he’s farther down the road than Pinocchio and He comes crawling to Pinocchio to save him and asks that the conscience comes back so that he can get out of this But of course, it’s a bit too late. And so then Pinocchio grows jackass ears and He’s absolutely terrified by it as well. He knows what’s coming And the cricket comes back and and guides him off pleasure island. And so then they end up on a cliff Because this is an island after all they have to jump into the unknown right out of this impulsive adolescent Hedonic playground into the unknown and that’s how they escape. So that’s the first time that Pinocchio has to leave That this is the first scene where he has to jump into the water to make a clean break from something pathological So tyranny you see this echoed you see echoes of this in the story of moses leading his people from From egypt because moses is a master of water Right, he hits this rock with a stick and water comes out of it and he’s floating on water when he’s a infant and He parts the Red Sea and so he’s a master of water and transformation and the pharaoh is and the pharaoh’s kingdom is represented as desert stone roughly speaking and so The idea there is that well the kingdom is solid ground But it can be a tyranny and the water is chaos But it can be a tyranny and the water is chaos But it can be the thing that you have to leap into to free yourself from the tyranny it’s not like in the moses story that that comes easy, right because the Hebrews leave israel or leave egypt, which is a terrible tyranny and you think well, that’s good They’ve escaped from the tyranny, but that isn’t what happens. They escape from the tyranny They actually end up somewhere arguably worse because they’re wandering around in the desert for 40 years And that’s it’s a brilliant element of that story because it states clearly that When you go from a bad place to a better place you go to a worse place first And that’s a great it’s a great thing to know because it also Tells you why you might be unwilling to take the next step, you know You’re aiming up but in order to aim up you have to let go of something you already have And then that’ll put you into a state of chaos And unless you’re willing to undergo that intermediary state of chaos and you might not recover from it You’re not going to get to the next you’re not going to get to the next level so So that’s rough. Well, so pinocchio he decides that chaos is better than tyranny and guided by his conscience jumps into the water and then We don’t see anything happening in the water in this particular scene. They come back to shore all half drowned and And exhausted by their adventure and They go back home And I think maybe we’ll take a break now. Let’s see. This is a good time to take a break 130. Perfect So let’s break for 15 minutes. Okay All right All right, so So Carl Jung talked about this phenomena he cried phenomenon he Described as retrogressive restoration of the persona And so it’s a complicated idea but basically what it means is that sometimes You take a leap forward and you learn some things but you can’t catalyze a new identity So you try to go back and hide in your old identity and that actually doesn’t work because Well, things have changed and you’ve learned something and that isn’t who you are anymore And so it’s like you have to cut part parts of yourself off in a destructive manner to fit back into the person that you were Now what happens here is that Pinocchio? escapes from this tyrannical Situation And undergoes this descendant to chaos, but he tries to go back home. He tries to go back to what he was And he can’t do that anymore his father isn’t at home anymore and so So when he goes home he finds that there’s no home there now This happens to people sometimes and it’s often a shock to them. So One of the things I’ve noticed about Peter Pan is that One of the things I’ve noticed about Peter Pan type I’m going to speak about men here because I’ve observed it more in men Is that they’ll often stay under the thumb of their father and you think well Why would someone do that? Because it means they’re subject to the tyrannical judgment of their father They’re always concerned about what their father would think or whether their father approves of them of them and so forth And you think well, that’s got to be an unpleasant place to be Why would you? do that one of the things that i’ve Suggested to my clients and to other people sometimes is that here’s a weird little exercise that you can undertake a little thought experiment So you have your parents and of course your parents have friends who are about their age and maybe some of them are people you only know peripherally And I might ask you well Do you care more about what your parents think than you care about what these peripheral people who know your parents think And then the answer to that is well, of course and then the question that arises out of that is Why I mean for someone else your parents are the peripheral people and their parents are central like why is it logical that your parents make opinion makes any more difference to you than the appearance than the The opinion of some randomly selected people who are approximately that age Why is it the case that you would consider that they would know more than someone else? I mean, I know they know you better and fair enough, but that that’s not the point And then another point there is that to the degree that your parents opinion about you matters more than some randomly selected people of approximately the same age Jung would say well you haven’t exactly separated out the god image from your parents And so you’re still under that That combination it’s like it’s a complicated thing to talk about but think about the harry potter Series harry has two sets of parents, right? He’s got the dirsli parents and then he’s got these like magical parents that sort of float behind and he should know the difference Between them. They shouldn’t be one and the same they’re not for him And it’s like well you have your parents and you have nature and culture as parents And you shouldn’t be thinking that your parents are nature and culture as well You shouldn’t have final dominion over you means that you’re not an individual yet if that’s the case Freud said for example that no No, no one could be a man unless his father had died and Jung said yes, but that death can take place symbolically Okay, so there’s that part of the idea and then another part of the idea is One of the times in your life when you actually realize that you’re an individual is when you’ll go and ask your parents something And you’ll realize they actually don’t know any more about What you should do then you do And that sucks And that’s partly why people are often willing to maintain a tyrant slave relationship with their father. It’s like On the one hand you have to be inferior in a relationship like that You know, you’ve always got the judge watching you but on the other hand there’s always someone who knows what to do There’s always someone standing between you and the unknown that you can go ask. What should I do? Well at some point you’ll realize that the reason you can’t ask that anymore is because they actually don’t know any more than you do And then that’s a pain like that. That is a symbolic death. That’s also when you establish a more Individual relationship with your parents It’s at that point that you could conceivably start taking care of them instead of the reverse and that’s the time that should come But you have to let that image of perfection go and that exposes you Well, that’s what happens here, you know, Pinocchio goes home and he wants Things to be the way they were and he wants to stay under the careful care of the benevolent father but That’s no longer possible. He’s passed that point and that’s why the father has disappeared and so Geppetto has gone off to look for Pinocchio because he also needs a son but But in any case the house is abandoned and so then We see inside the house that everything’s covered with cobwebs and everything’s gone and Pinocchio and the crickets sit on the steps And they’re very concerned. First of all, they wonder where he went So they’re actually concerned that he’s gone, but they also don’t know what to do because there’s just no going home And so, you know, that’s also the case that once you hit a certain point in your development Well, it’s the same thing we already talked about The answers that you’re looking for are not going to be found in your parents house It’s as simple as that now you could artificially maintain your dependency But you know if you do that for too long things get pretty ugly So you get pretty stale and and you know, you’re like bread that’s been on the shelf for too long So now they’re wondering what to do and where he could be And then if something very strange happens the star shows up again And it turns into a dove and the dove flies down and puts a piece of paper Bathed in light with gold writing On it in front of the cricket and the puppet So what in the world’s going on there? Well, we know what the star is. We’ve seen it multiple times, right? It’s also the place that the The blue fairy came from but it’s this transcendent place. It’s this place that occurs sort of as the ultimate ideal and This time it delivers a message. So What’s happening here is that Pinocchio is fundamentally oriented by the wish that his father made so long ago, right? And the wish was that he would become a fully functioning individual And so that’s that transcendent place and Jung would say When you when you orient your vision different things appear to you in the world so and and I mean this literally so Because you can’t see everything Your vision calculates what’s necessary your brain calculates what’s necessary for you to see so that you get to the point that you’re aiming at And and I don’t mean that metaphorically. I mean it literally Things that aren’t relevant to what you’re seeking won’t you won’t see them Unless they get in your way and they have to they have to Really block your pathway before they’ll be literally visible So you orient yourself towards something and that makes some things visible that wouldn’t be visible and makes other things invisible that you might have seen And so when you change your orientation what manifests itself in the world also changes now Pinocchio is in despair here And he asks himself where could my father have gone And so the question is what exactly is he asking under those circumstances and what he’s asking is something like I had a structure that was orienting me properly in relationship to the world And as far as it was embodied in my actual father it’s now gone Is there any possibility that I can? Find that again And that is what you want you see like if you’re in a chaotic circumstance Maybe you’ve escaped let’s say from a bad relationship or something like that and you’re out of it, but now you don’t know what to do What you’re hoping is that you can get your life back together Right that you can put the pieces that have fallen apart back together And so you’re automatically going to generate a fantasy about producing another let’s call it stable state You’re going to be looking for the spirit that would enable that stable state to be generated Because really what it is in in some sense is your new personality You’re in chaos you have to become something new in order to get out of chaos And so you’re hoping for that you’re hoping that you’ll see it and so That’s going to make certain things visible to you that’s the that’s the proper way of thinking about it You know when you get curious about something and you maybe you’re curious about something and you walk into a bookstore That curiosity is going to guide you to a certain set of books The fact that you have the question in mind is going to open your eyes to certain kinds of possibilities And so if your goal is to reestablish your union with the positive father, let’s say Then certain things are going to appear and other things aren’t and that’s really what this represents The transcendent star is the goal which is this developmental process It’s capable of let’s say delivering a message to you in some sense. That’s what’s happening when you’re thinking You know because you have a problem you want to solve you have somewhere you want to go with your thoughts and as a consequence of that Information reveals itself to you in the interior landscape. It’s a very strange thing You know it in some sense it feels as if you’re producing the thoughts But it could equally be said that you’re watching the thoughts reveal themselves And which of those is the more accurate description is by no means obvious. You can certainly have thoughts that surprise you Which is very strange. It’s like they’re your thoughts. How in the world can they surprise you but they do So it’s like you didn’t know them before you thought them up And then the question is well, where did they come from if you didn’t know them before you thought them up? They sort of spring out of the void That’s one way of thinking about it anyways This is a holy ghost symbol this dove as well so that puts some christian imagery in here again You could think of it as a manifestation of the spirit of transformation That’s another way of looking at it. Anyways, it’s the conscience that interprets the letter so it’s sort of figuring out what the next thing should be and weirdly enough what the letter says is that That Was out looking for pinocchio and he got swallowed by a whale which makes very little sense to put it bluntly Gepetto went to search for pinocchio and now he’s at the bottom of the sea in a giant whale and We leap right over that tremendous gap in logic And follow the story nonetheless. Okay, so what’s the idea here? The idea is that if you’re if you fall into a chaotic state and everything falls apart There’s the possibility that Things can come back together Including what you’ve just learned in a new state and so you can conceptualize that symbolically as The existence of the dead father at the bottom of the of the chaotic landscape That’s that’s the proper way as far as I can tell to think about it It’s like there’s something down there that’s capable of reforming and reemerging that’s That incorporates the previous state but that takes it farther And you’re not going to find that unless you descend into this chaotic place where it feels like all order is gone Feels like all order is gone While you generate order, it’s going to be akin to the order that you had before But there’s going to be something new about it as well. So it’s down to the bottom of the chaotic state to Bring up what you’re missing and That’s one level of analysis another level of analysis you think is well, that’s also what you’re doing That’s what you should be doing In principle when you’re going to university you know your You come to university in roughly the same state as pedocio You know, you’re a bit of a puppet and you’re kind of a jackass and what the hell do you know? And it’s chaotic because you haven’t found your place in the world properly and I don’t mean merely For career not that that’s not relevant because it is but it’s more important than that. It’s because you’re a historical creature Because you are a product of history unless you are enculturated Properly which means you understand your past and in the sense that the humanities can allow for that then You haven’t Being able to incorporate the wisdom of your ancestors into your day-to-day pursuits and that’s going to make you weak That’s the idea anyways. And so when you come to university, this is what university is for it’s so that you can Go into the chaos And you can pull something out of it. That’s truly a value and you can incorporate that in your own personality and that makes you much much Stronger like literally stronger not more educated but not it’s not like you know more facts It’s that you literally are a better person and better means You can do far more things you can articulate your that’s that’s something that’s of crucial importance is that you can articulate yourself properly, which is More useful than anything else you could possibly manage like if you guys come out of university capable of making coherent Arguments and using language properly. You’re so powerful that it’s ridiculous you you always You can lay out a strategy and pursue it successfully And maybe the strategy is actually oriented towards something good something that will actually work work for you and work for other people as well And I don’t really understand why people aren’t told this when they come to university is that your goal is to make yourself as articulate in writing and thinking and speaking as you possibly can Because that opens the door to everything that you’ll want to do in the future no matter what it is the more articulate person always Rises always because They lay out strategies more effectively they they lay out The reasons for doing something or for not doing something more particularly they convince people and properly so that they can grapple with Potentials that lies ahead effectively And they can defend themselves when they’re challenged and so all of that is Going into the past into the chaos of the past you could even say and pulling up the spirit that inhabits that from the bottom and Uniting with it, and if you don’t do that well You’re defenseless in the case of in the face of the tragedy of life and And then then that’s not so good because if you’re defenseless in the face of the tragedy of life Then you get way more hurt than you would otherwise get and so do the people around you and then The probability that you’re going to be resentful and bitter about that is really high because no one likes to fail continually And then you get bitter and and resentful and then once you’re bitter and resentful well Being being vengeful and mean is the next step. It doesn’t take much of a transformation to move you from that place to the next So now Pinocchio has to Face the thing that he’s afraid of most Face the thing that he’s afraid of most and that’s a complicated Idea as well so Jung had this Phrase that he liked that he took from the alchemists which was insterquillinus Invinitur and what it meant was what you most want to find will be found where you least want to look There’s this old story. It’s from king arthur and king arthur has these knights, right? They all sit around a round table, which means they’re roughly equal That’s what the round table means and they’re off to find the holy grail and the holy grail is the most valuable object That that’s what it means So they’re off to find the most valuable thing, but they don’t know what it is and they don’t know where it is But they know that there’s a most valuable thing. So in some sense it’s akin to them orienting themselves by the star and they don’t know where to look and so what they decide is They have the castle in the middle of a forest and so each night decides to start looking for the holy grail By entering the forest at the point that looks darkest to him And so what’s the idea there? Well, imagine there are things that come easy to you And that you’re fond of pursuing And that you’re happy about pursuing so you’ve found those and pursued them and you’ve mastered them So, you know all that but then there’s another place That you don’t want to go And so you haven’t gone there and you haven’t mastered it and You’re very small in comparison to it because you haven’t mastered it. And so it has this monstrous aspect and but it has if what you’re working where you if What you’re doing isn’t working It’s where you haven’t gone that you need to go And so I can give you another example of this. So let’s say You’re an agreeable person And so you don’t like conflict and you won’t stand up for yourself and you regard anger And the proclivity to provoke and and to engage in conflict as something that’s positively terrible It’s not only that you’re not good at it. It’s actually that it’s wrong So that’s where you have to go if you’re going to learn how to stand up for yourself And imagine that you’re afraid Maybe you have something like agoraphobia. And so there’s a whole bunch of things that you’re afraid of and you don’t want to go there But if you want to put yourself together, then that’s exactly where you have to go And so it’s frequently the case that What you want to find is to be found Where you least want to find it and that idea is echoed in the Prominent stories of dragons and gold. It’s exactly the same idea is that the dragon is this terrible thing It’s this terrible predatory thing that lives forever and is very very wise It lives underground And it’ll kill you it’ll burn you up in a second And but it hoards gold And so you have to go there into the dragon’s lair if you’re going to get the gold and that’s a representation of people’s Paradoxical relationship with reality. It’s like you have to go out there and confront it In order to incorporate what it has to offer to you But the probability that that’s going to be intensely dangerous and push you right to the limit First of all, those are actually the same thing If it didn’t push you to the limit, you wouldn’t gain anything valuable from it so You don’t get one without the other you don’t get the gold without the dragon. That’s a very strange very very strange idea But it seems to be accurate. So all of that’s lurking underneath this in this imagery of the whale The thing that’s at the bottom of now the whale You can think of the story of Jonah What happens with Jonah is that roughly speaking He’s a prophet and god tells them that he has to if I remember correctly god tells him and he has to go to this city and straighten it out because it’s it’s Veered off the path and it’s it’s heading towards doom and Jonah thinks i’m not going to that city to tell those people anything like that because they’re not going to be very happy With me just showing up there and telling them, you know everything they’re doing wrong And so he hops on a boat and tries to get out of there and then god conjures up this huge storm And the boat is about to be swamped and the sailors They’re they’re worried. I think about making the boat lighter something like that They all draw lots to see who gets tossed overboard and Jonah admits that it’s actually his fault because god’s upset with him because he got this direct command to go straighten out the City and he ran off and so the sailors throwed they’re not happy about this But they throwed Jonah overboard and the seas calm and great fish comes up a whale and swallows him And then he’s down in the fish for three days and it throws him up on the dry land And then he’s learned his lesson by that time and he goes off to have this pursue the proper destiny to pursue his proper destiny So that’s echoed in this story as well that If you don’t follow the pathway that you’re supposed to follow That this the seas will become stormy for you And something will come up and pull you down and you’ll be in a terrible place for some length of time Till you learn your lesson and if you’re lucky you’ll get spit back up on shore and then you can go do what you should do Well, I mean that’s not a lesson that anybody needs to have interpreted. I think everybody understands that Anyways The cricket tells pinocchio What he has to do and then something kind of paradoxical happens Pinocchio decides he’s going to go do this and then the cricket has got this weird paradoxical Response to that on the one hand. He’s he’s sort of pulling pinocchio back saying look, you know, this is foolhardy that You’re going to go all the way down to the ocean. You’re going to confront this terrible whale. This is really really dangerous but at the same time When pinocchio’s on the edge of the cliff the cricket Helps him tie his tail around a rock and he he holds his finger in place so that pinocchio can tie the knot It’s like the conscience is conflicted about this. It’s really dangerous and foolhardy, but it’s also necessary And so he plays this dual role, but pinocchio is leading at this point. So into the ocean he goes I guess partly what this means is that if you’re not oriented properly in the world you should take your Doubts and you should take your doubts and the chaos that you’re enveloped in seriously You should face it and think it through you should go into it as far as you can go into it because maybe you’ll find Something at the bottom of it I mean the alternative is to pretend that it doesn’t exist So then pinocchio is at the bottom of the water he can he can actually breathe down there it turns out so You could think that he’s gone into the unknown. He’s outside of dry land he’s in the unconscious all of those things are true and You might think well, why would it be the world outside of what’s known? and the unconscious at the same time this weird intermingling of those two things and as far as I can tell that’s because When you’re in chaos and you don’t know what’s going on then you start imagining what might be going on And that imagination is partly the world as it might be But it’s also partly the structure of your unconscious mind, which is producing the fantasies and so When you’re truly in chaos, then the distinction between your fantasies and reality isn’t clear That’s actually part of what constitutes the chaos so imagine this so You’re in a relationship and the person betrays you And you knew who they were at least you thought you did before that moment But now You’re looking at them and you don’t know who they are And you don’t know what the past was and you don’t know what the present is And you don’t know what the future is going to be all of that’s been thrown up into the air in a major way That’s traumatic so much has fallen apart that it’s traumatic So what do you start to do? You start to imagine what might be the situation? Well, then the reality like the reality is your imagination and the reality at the same time They’re not pulled apart at all. You cannot distinguish between them And so It was a Jungian idea I could say that’s the snitch that harry potter’s chasing by the way. I know that’s a terrible leap But that is what it is. It’s that weird intermingling of Potential and reality that that can manifest itself as the world if you pursue it. It’s roughly that So Pinocchio is in this situation that’s half fantasy and half reality in this chaotic state And he has to go down to find the thing that he least wants to find And he’s hoping that it he’s got this intuition that in facing that thing that chaos that life really is that chaos that he’s going to Find his father and reunite with him So you could also say that in some sense it’s a decision of faith I suppose because You might ask yourself well why bother confronting chaos if chaos is the ultimate reality then what the hell use is there in facing it? Because it’s just going to reveal itself as the ultimate reality and drown you But the myths always say the same thing. They say no. No if you confront what’s really disturbing you if you really confront it you do it voluntarily You’re going to find order in it eventually Or at least that’s the only way you’re going to find order now It’s not like these stories are optimistic and it’s not as if they give you a sure guide to success. That’s the other thing It’s not like they’re unerringly accurate because You can be subsumed by chaos. That’s so total that even if you face it you’re not going to prevail I mean, that’s why people die That’s one way of looking at it Anyways, but the mythology basically says this is your best bet if there’s a process that’s going to work. This is it And so and then you might think well the better you do it the better the chances are of success or the more Consistently you do it the better the chances of success are and I think that that’s a perfectly reasonable way of looking at it Okay, so anyways Pinocchio’s down at the bottom of the ocean and every time he says He’s trying to find out where monstro is And they ask questions to the fish that are down there, but every time they mention monstro’s name all the fish disappear It’s like voldemort, right? He’s the guy whose name you cannot say and monstro is precisely that it’s the thing that frightens everyone and so Asking questions down there isn’t helping very much and so Pinocchio what he does is he’s calling for his father and he keeps asking So Pinocchio what he does is he’s calling for his father and he keeps going deeper and deeper into the depths and We’re in a scene. There’s a scene where The darkness of the ocean turns into an even more profound darkness and that’s what Pinocchio disappears into and then we see monstro he’s in this sort of foggy representation this huge thing that lies very much at the bottom and there’s no life or Anything around him except I think these are mackerel, but maybe they’re tuna They’re animated anyway, so it doesn’t matter But there’s no life down there. He’s so far down at the bottom of the ocean that there’s nothing that’s alive down there So and then we go inside the whale Which is of course absurd and we see that the whale has eaten a boat at some point in the past this is one whopping whale and Gepetto is sitting with the kitten of all things. He’s also got that little goldfish bowl full of goldfish with him too, which is quite the feat Anyways, he’s sitting there and he’s he knows that he’s trapped in the belly of the whale too and that he can’t get out And so that’s an interesting Issue it’s because not only is Pinocchio lacking his father, which isn’t a good thing But the father is lacking the son and there’s some indication that the father can’t get out of the whale without the son And so it’s like the possibility for order is down there in this chaotic state But unless there’s an active agent to go seek it out it can’t pull itself. It’s not animated enough to get out by itself You know and you could say well, there’s wisdom in the libraries But it’s not going to like without you going in there and gathering it and embodying it All it does is sit there in potential in in all of that in all of that Implicit form that’s a good way of thinking about it. So anyways, Gepetto is pretty feeling pretty hopeless because He can’t figure out any way of getting out of the whale and he’s also starving he’s starving in the belly of the whale and Here’s a way of thinking about that Gepetto is a good guy, but he’s old And that means his way of doing things is no longer fruitful That’s why he’s starving and it’s especially not fruitful because he’s missing his son He’s missing the active element that the child represents say the playful and transformative element that the child represents And so if you get stuck doing something the same old way at some point It’s no longer going to work even if it was good at some point It has to be updated and it’s updated by let’s call it the spirit of youth or the spirit of attention or the spirit of play Something like that the willingness to break boundaries and and take risks and Gepetto is very very skilled But but he doesn’t have that and that’s symbolized by the loss of his son That’s why he was out looking for his son, too He needs him and so they’re in despair down there trying to fish and not getting anything and so Monster wakes up Mackerel happens to swim by and monster wakes up and so Then he starts I think they’re tuna actually they look like tuna to me And so monster wakes up and he opens his mouth and a bunch of water starts to come in and so And then you see Pinocchio with the fish now There’s very intense implicit christian symbolism in this part of the film and i’m gonna Lay it out point by point So you may remember and perhaps you don’t perhaps you don’t know that one of the symbols for christ is a fish ichthis, right? And that’s a play on the greek representation of christ’s name, but there’s more to it than that because All of christ’s followers are fishermen And he performs a bunch of miracles with fish and fish are strange things because well you can pull them up out of the depth That’s part of it. And so there are things that can be pulled out of the depth and you could say that It’s going to be very difficult for me to take this apart, but you could say in some sense that christ is a meta fish A fish is something that you can dine on But a way of being is something that provides you with something to dine on on a continual basis and so You might say well is it better to be to have a fish or to be a fisherman? That’s another way of thinking about it and obviously it’s better to be a fisherman because then you can get more fish and so It’s one thing to have something but it’s another way. It’s another thing completely to know how to generate good things And so if you had any sense you’d take the ladder over the former even though the former is more instantaneously gratifying and requires less work and responsibility And so anyways the whale opens his mouth and goes chasing these fish And pinocchio tries he’s trying to get the hell out of there even though he wants to find the whale when he actually sees the whale He leaves and that’s also a very common mythological What would you call it plot element it’s very frequently that what happens when the hero first sees the terrible thing the dragon say the Terrible thing that he’s come to conquer he like freezes and gets the hell out of there because it’s far worse than he thought it was going to be And so pinocchio. It’s like no way man I’m not going when you’re that whale way he swims and he’s actually at the forefront of all the fish which is quite interesting too so in meantime And so the little cat is Jepetto is flinging the fish backwards into this like box and the little cat is there whacking them To to kill them while they’re flopping around and so they’re pretty excited about this because They have a problem the problem is how to get out of the whale that’s the actual problem And so they’re trying to get out of the whale and they’re trying to get out of the whale And so they’re pretty excited about this because They have a problem the problem is how to get out of the whale That’s the actual problem But a nested problem inside that is how not to starve to death and so jepetto is pretty happy that even though he’s not Getting out of the whale That he gets to have something to eat so you could say as well that he’s not exactly focused on the right thing He’s focused on the micro problem instead of the macro problem and that makes him kind of blind so anyways The uh the whale swallows up pinocchio and uh, jepetto keeps fishing And then he snags Pinocchio now this is cool because and this is another example of that meta fish idea is like Jepetto is actually looking not for a fish. He’s looking for a way out of the damn whale And then he catches a bunch of fish and he’s like focused on that like mad and then he catches pinocchio And pinocchio represents what would get him out of the whale But he’s so bloody obsessed with the fish that he doesn’t even notice So he catches pinocchio and flings him into the fish basket. And so it signifies the blindness of of jepetto’s orientation In in as when he’s inside the whale and that that’s kind of a comment on his his aged and insufficient nature He’s solving the wrong. He’s solving the problem very well, but it’s the wrong problem So anyways, he fires pinocchio into the fish bin and uh Pinocchio says father i’m i’m here and jepetto says don’t bother me right now pinocchio. I’m busy fishing so Well, then that’s fine. So then he kind of wakes up he has this little moment of insight this little revelation that Well, he’s caught pinocchio. So who cares about the damn fish? So then he runs over to the fish box to grab pinocchio and instead he grabs a fish and gives it a kiss And so that is another way of hammering home the fact that he’s there’s this confusion that he’s suffering from he can’t distinguish the local truth from the from the transcendent truth And so anyways, he does figure it out He tosses the fish aside and he grabs pinocchio and they’re all thrilled to death to see each other and and uh, so they’re united So pinocchio has found his father, but they’re still trapped in the belly of the whale now Pinocchio takes off his hat. He gets covered with a blanket. He takes off his hat and He reveals his jackass ears. And so he’s found his father, but he but he’s he’s damaged and not Pinocchio is he’s damaged and not in good shape. He isn’t becoming what he was supposed to be. In fact, he’s actually degenerated since Since Gepetto saw him last and so he becomes embarrassed and he says he has a tail He says that’s nothing. I have a tail too And then he spins that around kind of laughing then he braids and gets really embarrassed and so that’s what you see here He looks like well, he’s revealed himself as a jackass to his father, but you know, that’s actually a good thing because He is a jackass and if he was unwilling to admit his insufficiency He wouldn’t have ever gone on this pursuit So It’s This perverse Willingness to note that he isn’t all that he could be that’s part of what drives him to find everything that his father represents It’s the mission of it’s a hum it’s a humility and it’s an admission of insufficiency and you need that before you’re going to learn anything because before you learn anything you have to Admit that there are things that are important that you don’t know And that you’re a fool And maybe that you’re a brain jackass And so that’s why there are injunctions in many religious writings That are positively that portray humility positively as the antidote to arrogance That’s the right way of thinking about it is that humility means I still have something to learn. I still have something to learn I’m insufficient. I still have something to learn. It’s exactly the opposite say of lampwake’s attitude anyways, Gepetto decides that A son puppet who’s half jackass is better than no son at all Which is another indication of his relatively positive orientation towards the world and they reunite and then Pinocchio immediately sets his eyes on the main problem. It’s like hey, we’re stuck in this whale We need to get out of here and it turns out that Gepetto’s already built a raft but there’s a problem and the problem is is that as Gepetto says Pinocchio says well, we’ll wait for his mouth to open and Gepetto says that doesn’t work because when He opens his mouth monster opens his mouth everything comes in and nothing goes out. So raft fine, but there’s no way of Using it and so Gepetto decides that they’re not going to bother with that problem and they’re going to go have some fish But Pinocchio his eye is still on the main prize. He thinks no way man. We’re getting out of this whale That’s the fundamental thing. We’re not going to rearrange the deck chairs on the titanic We’re going to attend to the fact that it’s sinking. We’re going to keep our eye on the primary problem So he’s a little more awake by now. So Pinocchio says we’ll make a fire now, that’s cool, I think because He’s down in chaos where his father is trapped and the first thing he does is to use fire And of course, that’s exactly what people do right because we’re fire users and so this and shaman for example are masters of fire, but it’s there’s this really primordial element to the story right here and it’s an indication that the The the thing that can transform order into chaos into productive order is also the same spirit that mastered fire and so Pinocchio lays that out and he says we’re going to build a fire and Gepetto says And we’ll fill him up with smoke and Gepetto says great Smoked fish so he’s still stuck on this whole fish thing. And so Pinocchio runs around gathering up all the spare wood on the boat Including the furniture which he starts to break and Gepetto says Well, what are we going to sit on? You know, while we eat our smoked fish and Pinocchio basically says Blightly, you know enough with the damn fish thing. I’m going to fill the whale with smoke and uh That’s going to make him sneeze and then we can get the hell out of here and and Gepetto says that’s going to make him mad it’s not a good idea and Well, I would say that that’s the stance of The benevolent state against innovation, you know, even if the innovation is positive and even if it’s transformative and freeing The old state even if it’s good is going to stand in opposition to that And so that’s also something that’s very useful to know because otherwise you can get bitter about that Anyways, Pinocchio makes this big fire Gepetto is pretty worried about it and he starts to fill the whale up with smoke And so this is where the whale turns into a fire-breathing dragon, which is quite cool. It’s like in Sleeping Beauty Maleficent turns into a fire spewing dragon as well and if you watch The little mermaid that what’s her name that Ursula? She turns into a gigantic snake-like creature as well. Although she doesn’t exactly spew fire, but the transformation Of the ultimate monster into something like a dragon is very very common because it’s the ultimate symbol of the unknown For a variety of reasons that we’ll discuss later. So anyways, yes It’s a symbol of chaos Anyways, and this is quite a horrifying scene when my son watched he watched Pinocchio when he was about four And he watched this scene over and over and over and over I don’t know how many times he watched that movie, but it must have been a hundred times, but he was really Fascinated by this scene and you know, he was he was like locked onto it It was frightening but there was something in it that he was processing and and cottoning onto so anyways You see the whale is starting to prepare to sneeze and it’s belching out huge quantities of smoke and fire and Pinocchio and Geppetto and the cat and the and the And the goldfish bowl are all on the raft Trying desperately to get out of the whale which inhales and pulls them back and then sneezes and pushes them forward and at some point They actually break free and there’s a good Gates of hell image there with the whale belching out smoke like mad and its jaws open and so They’re paddling madly away to get away from this whale And the whale is very angry just as Geppetto Suggested and there’s interesting sound effects that go along with this the whale actually turns into a That’s what happens when your phone is smarter than you are The whale actually turns into something that’s like a locomotive and and the sound effects become industrial so it’s this Monstrous machine like locomotive dragon that’s bent on the destruction of of of Pinocchio and you could say it’s an amalgam of natural and social forces completely unleashed everything’s unleashed against Pinocchio and his father and so They’re having a hell of a time There’s big waves and they’re and they end up the whale actually abandons them But before it does that it nails them with its tail and blows the raft into smithereens and so then they’re both in the water and Geppetto and Pinocchio drowning and Geppetto actually goes down for the third time so to speak and as he’s going down he says to Pinocchio save yourself Save yourself and so that’s kind of Pinocchio’s last temptation because Geppetto’s had it and he could just get to shore on his own But he would have abandoned his father. And so that’s the thing is And that’s one of the issues that this movie grapples with is what exactly is your responsibility and you could say well It’s to save yourself But the myth that underlies this says no, it’s not that’s not exactly right Is to rescue your father from the chaotic depths and integrate with that and to save both And that’s your duty to your culture. But more than that, it’s it’s also your duty to your soul It isn’t going to work if you just save yourself because you’re still going to be a jackass puppet Even though you’re going to be back on shore so anyways Pinocchio grabs Geppetto and carries him to shore and the whale shows back up and Gives them one more good wallop and then we see everybody on shore and it’s peaceful again Geppetto is on his back on the dry land and the kitten washes up and the goldfish bowl washes up and the cricket washes up he’s been outside the whale all of this time and we see The cricket calling for Pinocchio and then we see him lying in a pool of water dead. So he’s died Rescuing his father he died Well, why well he is a jackass puppet and Maybe he was supposed to die if he rescued his father because that insufficiency that characterized him is something that’s destroyed by the process of encountering the chaos which was so difficult it reforms the personality and The same occurs when he rescues his father and incorporates that so it’s like Bilbo in in the In the in the first part of the what is it called the lord of the rings the hobbit? He’s this sort of jackass puppet guy a little Over-protected shire dweller at the beginning and he goes on this tremendous adventure and he has to develop The negative parts of his character He actually has to become a professional thief and he has to develop his bravery and and so they old personality in some sense has to die to give life to the new one and so You see in in Harry Potter series too at the very end Potter dies and then is resurrected right? That’s and that actually happens To a slightly lesser degree in the second movie where the resurrection is aided by the phoenix tears after he gets eaten by that Or he gets chomped by that big snake, which is roughly speaking the same thing that’s happening here. Sorry about that Okay. So anyways Pinocchio’s dead. That’s not good so the next scene we see them back at home and he’s lying dead on the bed and And Geppetto and and everyone else are mourning his loss and then the blue then we see this magic transformation and we hear the blue fairies Voice and so it’s like He’s pushed himself to his limits and the natural process kicks back in and revivifies him But now he’s no longer a jackass puppet. He’s actually Something that’s real and so then he tells he wakes up and he notices that now You know, he’s undergone this proper transformation. He notices his hands in particular And then he and then he tells Geppetto who? Refuses to even notice he says no no Pinocchio you’re dead lie down So, you know Pinocchio convinces him that he’s not dead and then in celebration they start the clocks again And so time kicks back in at that point and so then they have a big celebration music happens again because this is a celebratory moment and they dance and The harmony is restored the good old guy has his son and so the house is properly set up and The old state has its vision and its capacity for transformation and the thing that transforms has the stability of the culture behind it and so perfect and then The cricket goes outside and he’s talking to the star and the blue fairy and he says he’s pretty happy about how this is gone And so then She gives him this little medal which is made out of gold and it’s a Sun and it’s a Mandela all at the same time And so it’s and it’s made out of gold and gold is a noble medal. It doesn’t mate Discriminate indiscriminately with other metals. It doesn’t tarnish and so it’s it’s a medal that represents the Sun and then he flashes his little badge at the star establishing a Relationship between his function as the proper conscience and his orientation towards the highest good and That’s it there. So he’s got this little son. He’s wearing this little son so he’s also transformed and developed as a consequence of this entire process and Now his now Pinocchio’s conscience is properly oriented. It’s oriented towards the highest value and then the movie closes And that’s Pinocchio So I’ll give you a minute and I’ll take some take some questions and try to figure out how to shut my phone up So does anybody have any questions Yes, you see they need to vaguely Psychoanalytic approach to kind of extracting the inarticulated messages from these the mythology and the stories and religion It’s developed over time. So could you almost say that those are? Kind of constructing this to a societal level These are kind of the dreams of the collective unconscious sure that’s exactly what they are They’re a collective fan. They’re the fantasies of the collective unconscious. That’s one way of looking at it That’s one way of looking at it. I mean they also take a social social socially determined form right because it’s animated and that’s that’s a technology and and it’s obviously Something that exists in a particular time and place but yeah It’s a collective attempt to give voice to the oldest of behavioral patterns. So here’s a one way of thinking about that Which we’ll talk about in some detail which you should have read about at least to some degree already The question is where is that knowledge? represented and you would say well, it’s it’s part of the collective unconscious and it’s it’s got a biological origin, but His his description of the biological nature of the collective unconscious is quite ambiguous and I think that that’s because it actually is ambiguous like For example, we know that primates and humans in particular are At least biologically predisposed to be afraid of snakes so we can learn that very easily now You could make a case that it’s more than biological predisposition that it’s actually built in but I would say the predisposition idea is actually a better one because you at least need the exposure to the snake to get it going so So that would take place as a consequence of your experience. So it’s not purely biological Biological although it is the case that Snake fear tends to become more intense as you get older, which is not necessarily what you would expect and The I just read a paper this week Localizing snake fear in primates and it was hypothalamic. It’s really old So because the hypothalamus is a very very old part of the brain. It’s older than the amygdala and Amygdala is involved in snake fear as well. It’s really really old So you could say well you’re prepared to develop snake fear like you’re prepared to develop language and Like you’re prepared to walk by your biological structure Now whether that actually constitutes the contents of your memory, which is what Jung seems to imply is an open question but it doesn’t really matter because So One time when I went to visit my nephew he was running around In a night suit he was only about four or five so he’s acting out this Mythological pattern roughly speaking and you’d say well, how did he know how to do that? and the answer would be well it was represented all around him in the culture in fragments and like Kids are pretty good at putting fragments of stories together That’s that’s really what understanding is is to put fragments into story form And so he’d watched Disney movies and he and his parents had read him stories And he did pretend play with the other kids and all of those were like exemplars of this underlying narrative their variance of it and Because he can abstract and generalize he’s pulling out the central features of those narratives They hear the heroic features and then embodying them so you could say well The central features of these narratives are fragmented and distributed around across the entire Culture and so they don’t have to be exactly inside your head. They don’t have to be part of your memory they’re distributed in the Behavior and the actions and the stories of the entire culture and they just you can put them together out of that So and people do that. That’s why they’re so hungry for stories like Well like this one or like Star Wars or like Star Trek or like the Marvel Movies or like Harry Potter? What about the last scene your son watched me over and over again? My little brother did the same thing with the last scene of the first Harry Potter movie. The guy with the two faces? Watch that probably 20 or 30 times. Yeah, it’s really interesting watching little kids interact with like his movies are unbelievably complex I mean, you know by the time you’re your age and you’ve seen you know several hundred of them at minimum The impact wears off but it’s really something sitting down with a four-year-old Who hasn’t watched very many movies and walking through one with them? I mean, they’re so turned on it’s just I took my daughter when she was too young Actually, I took her to see the mask that Jim Carrey movie Jesus. I mean she she survived it I don’t think I traumatized her but she was sitting on my lap, but it was really like gripping a bundle of barbed wire she was just Like that the entire movie, you know and halfway through I thought well, that’s probably a little too much Psychophysiological intensity for one small body, you know, but she it those movies They just have a massive impact on little kids and they will do exactly that they’ll watch it over and over and over and you think What is what are they doing exactly? Now they’re trying to understand they’re gripped by they’re gripped by it somehow right and it’s like They’re they’re deeply curious They know there’s something in it and they’re trying to extract out what it is and they’ll repeat it repeat it repeat it repeat it So they’re hungry for the information Because it’s part of rescuing their father from the chaos. That’s one way of thinking about it. So Other questions Well good enough then let’s call it a day what there is one more question First It’s patterned into them or into the new information Sure, well they project they project the contents of their fantasy onto the unknown thing And that’s partly partly a process of self-discovery You know, so for example, let’s say that you You know your grip by love at first sight or something like that Now you don’t know anything about the person that you’re tremendously attracted to but you’ll have fantasies about them And that fan in fact your image of them is a fantasy and if you take that fantasy apart You’ll find out what you value So you are projecting you’re projecting yourself into the world and you can discover I mean you may also discover something about them because there may be elements of them that match the ideal quite nicely if you’re fortunate and if your ideal is you know of a reasonable sort But you can you can you definitely encounter yourself when you look at the unknown because you use your fantasy you use your fantasy to structure the contact You know and the fundamental structuring is the heroic encounter with the with unknown Because that’s the pathway that’s the fundamental pathway of human beings because we’re information foragers fundamentally Sure sure well that’s also yes, absolutely. That’s exactly right. Yes, so I mean you imagine this imagine that you’re attracted to someone and you’re too terrified to go speak to her And you’re attracted to someone and you’re attracted to someone else and you’re attracted to that person Mean you imagine this imagine that you’re attracted to someone and you’re too terrified to go speak to her Well, what’s happening? Well you have a fantasy of a judge and That’s your Imagined representation of your own insufficiency in relationship to the ideal And you project that on this person as a judge, and then you’re too paralyzed to even open your mouth around her very common experience Okay We should let’s call it a day We’ll we’ll see you in a week