Tyranny, Slavery and Columbia U ｜ Yeonmi Park ｜ EP 172 (8yqa-SdJtT4)

https://youtubetranscript.com/?v=8yqa-SdJtT4

Hello everyone. Something too serious today, really, I would say. I’m privileged to be talking to Yeonmi Park, born in 1993 in North Korea, author of In Order to Live, 2015, a book which I just finished reading today. And human rights activist and TED speaker Yeonmi Park grew up in a punishing totalitarian society based on Stalinist and Maoist principles, perhaps the last Stalinist era totalitarian state on earth, and devoted to the worship of Kim Jong-il and his family. But at the age of 13, she and her family made a daring escape to China in search of a life free of tyranny and indeed a life at all. In her viral talks, viewed online nearly 350 million times, and in her book, Park urges audiences to recognize, think about and resist the oppression that exists in North Korea and around the world. Hi there. Dr. Peterson, it’s an honor to be on your show. It’s very nice to see you. I finished about the last third of this book this morning and it makes for harrowing reading. There’s no doubt about that. So you lived through some of the harshest times, I would say you and your family likely lived through some of the harshest times in North Korea in the 90s after the Berlin Wall fell and the Russian communists stopped supporting North Korea’s economy. Maybe we could start, I think, by just allowing you to tell your story so you can start wherever you’d like. Thank you. Exactly as you mentioned, in the after Soviet Union collapsed, they were stopped helping North Korean regime. And North Korean regime is like run by central government economy. So they decide how much how much rice you can eat that day per person based on their class. So even though the biggest irony of North Korea is that it was founded the idea of equality, make everybody the same. The communism and then they call it themselves as a socialist paradise. But they made it into North Koreans into three big categories of classes and within three categories, they divided 50 subcategories of classes. So it became the most unequal society that you can imagine right now in our human history. I was born in the northern part of North Korea. So during this great famine that was manmade famine by Kim regime, that’s where most of North Koreans died in the northern part where I was born. And the people in the capital, they were still well fed. So the model example that I found was actually the Hunger Games. There is a capital and they divide 13 different districts. They make everybody else outside the capital on verge of surviving. So people do not think about what is the meaning of life? What is freedom? All they have to think about is next meal. Like can I find food to feed my child? And the people in Pyongyang, they are really well fed and they have every intention to maintain the system and the regime. So that’s where I was born in. I mean in 1993, seeing the dead bodies on the streets was literally everyday thing. I never knew that that was like weird words. And that’s what got me the first when I came out, people were saying like, you know, why there’s no revolution in North Korea? And first of all, we don’t even know the vocabulary revolution in North Korea. It’s a country where they don’t teach us about the word love. There’s no romantic love in North Korea. I never heard my mom telling me that she loved me. The only word that we know love is that written form of the word where we describe our feelings towards the ideal leader, not about to another human. So there’s no word for love, no word for human rights, dignity, meaning freedom. And that’s why, you know, people in North Korea, they don’t know they are oppressed. They don’t know they are slaves. You said the information control was so total that you had absolutely no idea what was happening in the outside world. And you believed at that time that other, despite what you saw around you, that other countries were much worse. So even here, right now in this 21st century, North Koreans do not even know the existence of internet. And we do not even have electricity. So, of course, in school, I never even seen the map of the world. I never even knew. So in school in North Korea, they teach me that they don’t teach me that I’m Asian. They teach me that I’m a Kim Il-sung race. And North Korean calendar begins not when the Jesus Christ was born, when Kim Il-sung was born. So they cut out entire information and people literally get executed for watching foreign information. And that is a crime to be dead in North Korea. So you do not have a freedom even to travel abroad. It’s an entire block of information. You don’t know outside that cave what’s happening. But of course, like the leaders like Kim Il-sung, when he went to school in Switzerland, the type of elites go out. But the people at the bottom, most of them, do not even never even seen the map of the world. And we don’t even know what Africa, other continents, other race. And that was me. And you described the conditions that you grew up in. So you’re first of all, what stands out quite remarkably is the degree of hunger. So tell me a bit about what it was like when you were a kid in the 90s in Korea with regards to eating. So it’s a North Koreans are on average three to four inch shorter than South Koreans because of the malnutrition. And I’m like five to two, but most of North Korean men are shorter than me. So if we are above four, 10 feet high, you must go to military. So tons of North Korean adult men are around four, 10, like even below that right now. So this very malnutrition affects even our brain development. North Korea’s average life expectancy is like if somebody lives up to 60, we think they lived really long life. Like my grandmother who died from malnutrition before her 60, everybody thought, oh, you should live long enough to do that. So it is a different planet we are talking about. Being in North Korea, of course, like only way for me to get my proteins were eating, you know, grasshoppers, dragonflies, a lot of insects, tree barks, plants, flowers. And that’s how we survive. And most of people die in the spring because that’s when there is no like insects and plants are. And that’s where every spring, there’s most of people dying and majority people dying that time. Yes. And you said that for you and for the people around you, spring wasn’t a time of hope and renewal, but the absolute worst time of the year. And so maybe you can explain that. Yeah, so every spring, I remember my skin sort of like cut off from the vitamin lackness that I would get easy. And it’s like season of death every spring. The people who couldn’t wait until the summer so the plants grow. And that’s when like we all know that tons of people are going to die. And I still remember I escaped in the spring in the March of 2007. One day I had a really bad stomach ache and my mom took me to the hospital. But in North Korea, of course, there’s no electricity. There’s no x-ray machines. None of that literally on nurse using one meter to inject every patients in the hospital. And people don’t die from cancer in North Korea. They die from infection and hunger mostly. And the doctor literally told my mom that she has appendix that thinking we got to operate on her like right now in this afternoon. And they do not use anesthesia. It’s a very like people don’t use anesthesia in North Korea. So they would have cut my belly open that afternoon. And I was fainting and they said, oh, she’s just manually she gets infection. She doesn’t have any appendix. But and then they closed me back. And then it literally from our hospital to the bathroom, there were like piles of human bodies piled up. And you see children like chasing the rats eating just rats in human eyes first. And then children catch this rat and they eat and they somehow die from I don’t know what it is. Then rats eat the children back. So this cycle of us eating rats and they eat us back is going to continue and continue. Yeah. And you said that was happening in the hospital. You also mentioned that in that episode that you woke up before the surgery was over because the anesthetic ran out. It was yeah, it was it was not even like actually anesthetic. It was more like a dose of sleeping pill, like a lot of tons of it. So most of people in North Korea, even when they cut their legs open, sawing their bones, they do not give any anesthesia because the free health care and the regime do not provide anything for the people. So you mentioned as well, and so we can talk about your familial situation that in the 1990s, the average wage in Korea was the equivalent of two dollars a month. And so a dollar ninety a day is what the UN regards as the line between poverty, like absolute deprivation related poverty and enough to barely subsist on a dollar ninety a day. And so North Koreans were making as much in a month as the UN allows for poverty in a day. And you describe, well, eating virtually nothing. Rice was a luxury. Other forms of food, especially protein, were virtually unheard of, including fruit. And you in some of the most memorable sections, you described going out into the fields with some other children. And you were about seven or eight years old, I guess, at this time and catching dragonflies and roasting them with a lighter. And that was where you got your protein. That is that’s yeah. I mean, I ate tons of grasshoppers. I remember always, even though it was a free education when we go to school, so in North Korea, there’s no concept of minor. And there is no concept of I. They don’t allow us to use the word I. So even though like I say I like food, they say we like food. We like our country. So and in this scenario, when we go to school, they all view us as a revolutionaries. And therefore, even the children, when they go to school, eight, seven, nine years old, we all have to work in a manner construction zones. So therefore, children, even when they can afford to go to school, it doesn’t really mean much to them. Go to school. And most of children now in North Korea cannot afford to go to school and stay at home. And that was like my job. And parents go out to find food. Children would like clean and bring the drinking water. We don’t even have a sewage and going to mountains and bring a lot of the firewood because we don’t have gas or coal, anything we have to find anything we can find in the nature to cook food. So it’s almost like 16th century of lifestyle that we go to the river and we bathe in the summertime and in the winter, we don’t bathe. And only a few times we take bath. And that’s why I see sometimes cannot believe that this is the same life that I’m living in right now. So you mentioned earlier the class distinctions that were drawn in North Korea. And this is a characteristic of other totalitarian states, including those predicated on hypothetically predicated on absolute equality. You saw this happening in in the Stalinist era and also in Maoist China, where if your family members were associated with a group that was deemed oppressive, then that still might impede your chances of survival, let alone progress three or four generations later. So you and I believe your family, if I remember correctly, your grandfather or great grandfather was a landowner. And so what did that mean? So exactly that’s what North Korea does right now. They still have this thing called the Gyeol-tabai Association. So if one person does wrong in North Korea, it doesn’t mean just you are the one get punished. Three to eight generations get punished. So when there was one high ranking official escaped, they killed more than 30,000 people because of the one person’s defection. And that’s the cause that I had to bear me speaking out afterwards of my three generation family back in North Korea that punished. So that’s like that my great grandfather, I think, were small landowner before the communism and everything began in the 1900s, only that time. Because of that, then my grandmother was her status was down. And the trickiest thing about North Korea’s status is that there’s not even something called marrying up. So other countries, if you marry somebody from higher status, you can go up with them. But in North Korea, there’s only going down. If your high status marrying somebody low, you go down with them. That’s how they prevent mixing different classes. Right. And so that’s one of the consequences of this idea of group guilt. And so the system is predicated on the idea or was predicated originally on the idea that the landowning class was oppressive, tyrannical, and while they were thieves, they were immoral thieves, essentially, as an entire class. And then that class guilt became so pervasive that it wasn’t escapable across generations. That’s where the idea of group guilt takes societies. And how would you contrast that to what you see in the West? It is so unbelievable. I mean, I went to school in America, to university, and I’ll talk about this. I mean, America also had slavery and all those oppression, but now they’re collectively being guilty for their history. And how many generations ago was that even? And then people still trying to punish people who were not doing it at the time. And how do you choose your ancestors? I think that’s what was the hardest thing for me to be in North Korea, is that, I mean, I wish I had an option to choose the things back then, but it’s not within your control. And now also in America, I see these trends of people going after people whose ancestors were perhaps the slave owners. But how is it relevant to that individual right now who they are? It’s not something they contributed back then. So this idea of guilt collectively reassociate them, and I just never knew that the rest of the world was going to be also like this in a different degree. But this is something that mainly North Korea holds against its people. They literally call you a blood tainted because your father, your great-great-grandfather did something that means you are forever, your blood is tainted. You are not redeemable. And almost now in America, I see that because some white people, their ancestors owned the slaves, they are like redeemable. They should be forever guilty about their privilege. And like the idea of this word guilt is also very, it’s very hard to even look at this. And it’s so heartbreaking. Why would you cause that kind of shame on other human? Why it’s not their fault at all? Yeah, well, that’s a good question. But why you would want that to happen? Well, I think it’s part of the demand for some hypothetical radical equality. I mean, it is the case that some people are born, we’re all born with different advantages and disadvantages. And some of those are linked to our ethnicity and our race from time to time. And there’s an attempt to, at least in principle level, the playing field. But it gets very dangerous when you try to equalize the outcomes. And when you enter the realm of guilt by group, that’s a catastrophe everywhere that’s ever been instituted. It’s just a complete catastrophe because exactly the same thing happened in the Soviet Union and in Maoist China. Your family, your father in particular, but also your mother, they and many, many Koreans in the 1990s when things fell apart so catastrophically, there was an emergency reemergence of free enterprise in some sense. It was illegal, highly illegal. But tell us what your father and your mother did to survive. So as he said, in the 90s until then, so in North Korea right now, you cannot own cars, you cannot own houses, everything’s private. So no private property in North Korea. You don’t even own yourself. Everything is state owned. So therefore, trading is illegal. That is, you are committing a crime. But after the 90s, the Soviet Union collapsed, people had to find their own way to survive outside of the North Korean government. So the regime created this ideology called the Juche ideology, self-reliance ideology. So they told the people, okay, you’re alive on your own. We are not going to give you public distribution. You should figure out on your thing. Then how do we figure out on things we don’t have freedom, we cannot even trade? So people started getting into this thing called the black market. So simultaneously, so what was happening in North Korea simultaneously was that the centralized government distribution system collapsed completely when it was no longer subsidized. And the North Korean government decided that everyone was now on their own, while simultaneously making any ownership and any trade whatsoever illegal and punishable with extreme punishments. So you were on your own, but forbidden to do anything that would get you out of your condition of starvation and privation. Exactly. I like it. Now I’m thinking back, people said like, oh, what were you allowed to do in North Korea? I literally sat down one day, like, what was I allowed to do on my own? Literally just breathing. That is the only thing that I was allowed to do on my own. The regime literally tell you what to read, what to listen to. They even send you prison if you dance in a wrong way. If you wear jeans, they say so symbol of capitalism, they send you prison. If women wear like skirt, like pants, sometimes they say, oh, you got a women have to wear the skirt. And if you watch wrong movie, and even the haircut, they tell you what kind of hair. It was a funny joke for the Westerners. They I cannot believe in North Korea, you have to follow the haircut line, the guidelines. That’s how controlling the regime is. They intervene every aspect of your life. And literally, when there are some times when we have even electricity, they would give us this radio that we cannot turn off. We can lower the volume, but can never turn off at home. So they force us to listen to this propaganda. Right. And it’s stuck on one channel. And you can’t move it, move the station selector to listen to anything else. That’s illegal as well. Yes. And that’s the thing. The regime doesn’t allow us to anything. And then let us somehow find a way to survive. And of course, that means breaking the rules in North Korea. My father was involved in black market. He started selling dry fish, sugar, rice, clothes, clocks. And then later the matters like copper, silver, copper. And of course, that was illegal. And that’s how it was sent to prison camp. Right. And so he started to trade. And you mentioned in your book that the trading, as far as you were concerned, that the trading activity that emerged as a consequence of the black market gave North Koreans their first small taste of freedom. So what do you mean by that? Why did that strike you that way? Because it’s a trading is a very empowering act. Because until then, North Koreans have to rely on everything from the regime. Like literally even the water, everything. But when we started being creative and they say, okay, I can find a corn like cheaper price in this region and then bring it to the other region and bring on maybe fabric from this region to the other region. So we start gaining more control over like how we even think, how to look. But it was like North Korea’s marketization was extremely controlled and still very limited. But that was almost giving the people now to think, oh, there is a life when I take my own control of my life. It’s better than relying on government who just promise to take care of everything, but who never does. So now the younger generation has tasted marketization and thirst for more freedom to being in the market system. So your conclusion was that there was a direct connection between the act of engaging in free trade, say at the personal level and the idea of freedom itself. Because it forces you to think for yourself when you trade. When you trade, it’s not like you’re thinking about, oh, how am I going to become a better revolutionary for the region? You think for yourself, how is it going to benefit me and my family if I do this? But for North Koreans, thinking for yourself was something so unheard of. Like when we are born, the first thing they teach us how to bow properly and respect, then the first thing that my mom told me as a young girl was not to even whisper because the birds and mice couldn’t hear me. She told me that the most dangerous thing in my body that I had was my tongue. If you slip out a wrong word, that is end of our entire family clan. That’s how much dangerous your tongue is. Yes. So you carefully discuss your experiences with free trade and attribute to that the dawning idea of autonomy and individual freedom. Whereas the act of trade is deemed illegal and immoral by the totalitarians. That’s associated in some manner with their insistence that private property is theft and that capitalism by its nature, which would include any free trade of any sort, is also corrupt and malevolent. All right. So your mother, you talked about the restrictions on your speech, that even the mice had ears, so to speak. Your mother was almost thrown into prison camp because of comments that an uncle of yours made. I believe he was visiting from China. Can you tell that story? When I was really young, we had some relatives from China. He came and told my mom and Kim, your son, the first Kim died. And he said he didn’t die from hard working for the people. Because when the Kims died, they told us that literally they are terrorizing people. Kims are starving like all of us. They cannot even sleep. They work tirelessly for us. How grateful we are for having a leader who’s that selfless. But told my mom, actually, he didn’t die from like those exhaustion from hard working. Rather, he died from some heart attack caused by medical condition. And then my mom was a true believer there. She was telling her best friend that, can you believe how far on my bad people are saying like these ridiculous rumors about our dear leader? And she was more like telling out of anger that she heard. It was like she was questioning it. But even that was, so in North Korea right now, like you and me, and there’s one person, three of us sitting here. I’m watching you and you’re watching the other person. And that person watching me. So even though I’m a being a nice person, not going to report to you, I know that someone watching me going to report on me. But if that person is not reporting on me, then he’s going to be reported by the other person. So you’re being spied and you’re just spied on someone. That kind of system made us to not trust in another human. It killed our trust in another person. Like we are always paranoid. So that’s a good lesson for my mom to learn. Even she thought all her life that was her best friend. She was a spy. And she told all the officials and my mom almost risked killing all of us. But the thing is because she never slipped the word to another person and she sat in from the intention of defending the revolution. They pardoned her and told her never ever say something like that ever to anybody. So even my father never knew what was happening there. Right. So even though she thought the rumor was a lie and when she talked about it, she was outraged. That was still enough for a firm and a full investigation with a tremendous amount of danger associated. And it was luck in large part that she escaped from more severe punishment. And the fact maybe that she had small children. Definitely. Like you’re right in North Korea, like when you have a newspaper, every front page has the Kims. But when you turn in the back of the newspaper, you don’t see the photo of Kims. By mistake, if you read that newspaper, your family goes through the revolution with concentration camp. So if you rip it. Oh, yeah. But so it’s like if you get a newspaper, you got to be very careful how the photo is going to be positioned. So every household in North Korea have them portraits of Kims. If your house caught on fire, the first thing is not you holding your child in one hand. You have to hold the portraits to your death. Otherwise, it’s going to kill the reason of your family again. So this is like the Kims are gods to us. They can’t they are almighty. That who can read our thoughts. I literally believe that it was a North Korea copied Bible. In exactly Bible, Kim Il Sung was a God loved us so much, gave his son to us. Jesus Christ, like Kim Jong Il. His body dies, but he’s with us forever and ever. Therefore, he knows how many here I have what I think what my future will be. So if we sacrifice ourselves right now for the revolution, we are going to show him in the paradise after. So North Korea, therefore, is number one Christian persecution country because it’s so like so they copied it. So like similarly, they cannot show it to North Korean people. There’s some other ideology like that exists in other country. So that’s why they don’t want a lot of religion in that way. So you spent a lot of time when you were a kid completely on your own because your dad, your father was eventually put in a prison camp and for a long time and then your mother spent a lot of time away from you because she had well she had to do what she needed to do to raise money so that you could survive. But also she was trying to deal with the situation with your father. So you and your you and your sister, how much age difference is there between you two? Three years. Three years. And she’s older? Yes, I was eight years old and she’s 11 years old. And you spent a lot of time on your own months? Years. Years. So what would tell me tell me about a typical day and a typical week when you were on your own? So you’d get up in the morning. You said the roosters would crow. There’s no electricity. The roosters would crow. You were living in a city at that time. That time I was moving around a lot. So initially I was left along with my sister when I was eight years old and 11 my sister. We were living like for two years and then our relatives separated us. Our uncle took my sister and my aunt took me to the countryside. That’s how I lived. Maybe also on our two years like that way. And so my typical day is like you know when the rooster like cries in the summertime is 5 30 a.m. and the winter time is 7 a.m. They’re pretty accurate. So North Korea still cannot afford clocks and that’s how we follow the you know rooster the timeline. We get up and we go to the mountains and do the daily work. We go and the regime also assigned the children to raise rabbits at home and then we skin them and give the skin to the regime so they can make the soldiers coats with it. So everybody gets assignments with the regime. And also the thing is that they don’t even have a fertilizer. So they make sure that everybody bring their own bathroom stuff to the school. So tons of them. So even when you’re a child you get tons of assignments from the regime. Every single one of them associated something and get your assignment and get it done. Collect. Yes. Well you said that as a school child all of your you and all of your friends your peers. Well as well as the adults were set out all the time to collect dog waste and human waste. And that that was actually stolen from toilets because it was valuable. Had to be handed over to the state because that was the only source of fertilizer. Yes even that so I remember the my one of the my culture shot was when I was seeing the trash cans for the first time in my life because there was no trash can in North Korea. We literally had nothing to throw away. And coming to the West where people are having these trash problems is like where the heck am I and in North Korea even your own poop is so valuable that they fight for poop. It’s like the war on poop and if you don’t bring the cola you’re gonna be punished by the regime. So the kids is rather than they even school they don’t study they send out us to hunting for poops and everywhere and gather them bring it to school afterwards. Right well that was one of the most striking parts of the book. I’ve never I’ve read a fair bit about poverty stricken existence under totalitarian regimes but that was the first time I’d encountered that particular wrinkle let’s say. So all right so you’re eight years old and your sister is 11 and you get up with the roosters and you have work to do. What are you eating at that point? How much are you eating and where do you get your food? It’s it’s really depends in North Korea it’s not when you eat it’s so random like what you get that day it’s a you know that’s a thing I never seen a cookbook you know how do you find the half pounds of pork and flour and like scallion like we just eat whatever we have at that moment. So if that day we had potatoes who were like frozen outside because we didn’t have a place to put them then they becomes very dark colors. We cook them and then we put lots of water in it and then some dried cabbage in it because you know usually water fills you up so a lot of food or has a lot of soup in it in North Korea to fill you up and you know we make sure that we have enough food for the for the evening we divide each meal. So depending on how much food we have that day in the morning I more is like the public distribution for each one of us and how much you can eat per like certain meal and some days we just cannot eat. And who was distributing it? I was the my sister was the one more like chopping rules because she was bigger she was doing more manual work and I was the one more like cooking and doing the domestic work. And where was the food coming from apart from what you gathered? Apart sometimes my mom before she goes away like for several months she leaves us with a few kilograms of corn and like other grains then we have to divide it for like six days you know we don’t know when she comes out or she will ever come back. You told a story at one point about your mother leaving I believe she was gone for several months and she left you some money and you and your sister spent it on sunflower seeds and and something else. Some cookie yeah. Some cookies on the way back from from from where your mother left from and then you had no money for the all the time that she was gone. Exactly so we learned that lesson the first time she left us gave us some money and then we never had those kind of money big money in our hands so on the way back we bought sunflower seed and some cookies in the plastic bag and then we had no nothing left for us and we were not even so in North Korea we don’t even have phones it’s not like you can call up somebody where are you like a lot of times they go out and they never come back they might die you know you know disease or station like accidents a lot of people never hear back from so going on a journey in North Korea is like higher chances of you never seeing them again and so even though mom would say I will come back but we never knew she would and once that happened the first time we learned a lesson mom would like leave us a few kilograms of grains then we would divide as much as we could so we would not run out until she comes back. And you said that all you ever thought about and your sister as well was food and that you dreamed about bread and you fantasized about bread and you talked about how much bread you could conceivably eat and that you were possessed all the time with with hunger. I know I’m like still thinking as a child like I never ate till I felt full because so I never knew what was like limits of my own stomach was I never knew how much should I be fed so I feel like full so as a young man I literally thought if I even eat the mountains of food I thought I would never never feel full so we would compare how much I can eat more so my sister said like I’m hundred and thousand then like a mountain and ten million and whatever the number whoever comes up bigger and that’s how we were just like dreaming of it that was the only thing on your mind so that’s the thing when people talk about like the civilization right it falls when you don’t eat people like become animals you lose all this dignity all you’re thinking is just food basic survivor and that’s what my people always tell me the basic survivor. Yeah and you were at that time too you were seeing death everywhere as a consequence of starvation. It’s I I still remember like one day my son I walked by near the well as I got people bring the drinking water there’s a young man I don’t know like maybe teenager he lies down and his intestines comes out of him and he was still alive and like I’m hungry give me something but as a young mind I didn’t even feel sorry that’s the thing haunts me the most is that I feel nothing all my life there is and because every single thing I saw was like that and now I’m thinking was I a psychopath like how did I feel nothing about it but that’s I think so desensitized North Koreans are. I think if you’re in if you’re in shock you’re in shock all the time I mean you said in many of the experiences you had for example that you felt like you were outside your body watching and that’s a classic sign of of dissociative stress and you are in a situation like that all the time all the time so I I don’t think that you have to consult your conscience about that it’s in your book itself there’s no shortage of empathy on display so and I I don’t think it’s a comment on your character it’s a comment on the absolute horror of the situation that you found yourself in and obviously you were capable of great loyalty to your family members and even to some of the people that treated you very very badly I mean the the men that you were involved with in part once you escaped from North Korea you had ambivalent relationships with but I mean in some you you were able to see their humanity despite the terrible situation that you had been placed in by them so I don’t think there’s any issue of you not having the full range of human feelings it’s just you were in situations that were so terrible that no one fortunately no one in the West essentially can even imagine imagine being in a situation like that none of us to speak of or very small minority of us have ever been hungry for ever let alone for any protracted period of time and certainly not to the point of chronic malnutrition that’s just that just doesn’t happen here and so okay so you lost your fault your father was imprisoned when you were about eight seven or eight and and what happened to him what was the consequence consequences for him he was doing quite well in some sense by North Korean standards with his trading so he was he was he was good at what he was doing and your mother helped him but he got imprisoned after especially after he moved up into more dangerous commodities you said that he started to trade metals and that he was hiding the metals in cars railway cars that were reserved for for I think I’ve got this right for for Kim Jong-il yes yes and because they wouldn’t be searched yes so every train in North Korea we only have one train line and that goes from one side of the country to the end it sometimes takes a month to go because the low electricity and the railways are very bad so and that’s why there’s only always reserve one cargo that carries the things to Kim what’s in that car just out of curiosity I mean we hear these rumors they they grow I mean the parts of the country that has the best land for growing apple or growing something like the best of the best from the country that is specially reserved for them and nobody actually knows what’s even there even when the those people who search that cargo cannot go and the people who guards it they have to do body search and health check out for them so that’s how severe this control so really nobody knows what they’re carrying inside and my father was able to do something with them and then carry the matters in that cargo hiding and and he was bribing he was bribing guards to allow that to happen yeah and then he got caught yeah and was put in a so what kind talk about the prison situations the print because just normal life in North Korea is unbearable by all accounts but the prisons take that to a whole new level of hell so what would have your father experienced in the North Korean prison camp so there are three types of prisons in North Korea one is called a gully so it is concentrated in camp usually you’re born there so you’re because your grab it is one day my grandfather commision crime then they take the old generation to there and it is like permanent living condition there you live there forever for the rest of your life and you’re born there you can be born there because of the group guilt of your ancestors which never goes away right now you can never redeem the by the your group your whatever your ancestors did forever you’re there so they don’t even consider this inmates are human enough they don’t even teach them who’s it literally is they don’t even know what is in that concentration camp they are you said they’re not even allowed to look at the guards yes but that is every level so where my father went was a prison camp they but those people know what Kim Il Sung is but the thing is they too also treat them like animals they don’t let them to ever see the guard’s eyes and of course the the conditions are i mean it’s a Holocaust what the UN said in 2014 the UN did a three years investigation and the only resemblance that we found in our history is a Holocaust this is a Holocaust happening in North Korea like again and do you have any idea how many people are in the concentration camps the worst of the prisons do you know what the estimates are they say around 200 000 and what about the total prison population do you have any numbers for that because so many are dying so when you go to the prison a lot of them die within three months so those like numbers are very hard to like get and it’s the most secretive country in the world like even though you the America cannot figure out North Korea so those we know that their positions we can even satellite seeing those public executions happening but it’s very hard to estimate how many going in and how many dying after like three months it’s hard to like calculate that numbers and so your father was in prison for how long uh he was sentenced to more than 10 years uh initially was i thought was 17 years but North Korea showed the record it was like i think 11 years sentence prison camp he got out something four or five or four maybe years later for the sick leave which means he was bribing that’s the thing right he played a trick on the ward yes right right so they he think for the sick leave he think for the sick leave once you get killed you go back to prison again and he he was a very like a businessman he learned like guards and get him out and that’s how he got him out during the his sentence and so you saw your father again after a couple of years how many years were you without him i think four years for you i saw him again when i was 12 right and you and and you described that in the book and so what did you see when you saw your father what what what had happened to him um so when i was reading this book by george or in 1984 it talks about the man like winston who had a lot of wits and after that all the torture he became empty right like and a lot of people like read that book as a fiction to them but for me that was like my father when i saw my father again of course he had no hair he just got a prison camp i mean all he got was just bones like literally skin on the bones and the thing is i didn’t even feel anything that’s like what i’m still like guilty is like i felt nothing he was just so empty his eyes were just hollow and empty and then he was starting singing songs like i didn’t do enough for my country like he was so guilty that he was not a revolutionary whole and if he wasn’t him and in so many ways i was worse than killing him that they cared his soul permanently that he never came back until he died he felt guilty that crime that he committed for the regime to his death but he told me never betrayed like the dear leader and i don’t know what he did to him but he he came out as a completely different person so it was not long after that that you and your family decided to leave north korea to escape you were 13 yeah your dad died he died of cancer and it wasn’t long after he got out of the prison that that was the case and then you guys decided to make your way to china no i i escaped actually so my sister at 16 she escaped first with her friend and i told you as i got my stomachache she left me a note to say go find this lady she will help you to stay initially we didn’t plan to i didn’t plan to escape with my mom i was going to escape with my own sister but because i got sick my sister had to leave first i found the note and found the lady with my mom and told her that she told me if i go china she said i was going to find my sister right and then i mean but when you’re so desperate like you don’t even know what china is like we don’t have internet to look search and what’s going on in china just hoping because china is the only place that had the lights at night and if you look at north korea from a satellite image it’s quite interesting because the entire country is black at night and it’s surrounded by the bright lights of south korea and all of southeast asia but you have this immense territory the whole north of korea that’s completely dark and you talked about standing with your boyfriend at that time looking at the lights in the distance of china but you didn’t know anything about it at all and had no idea what was going to happen to you if you escaped into china no i did not even know what was china i just saw the lights and maybe if i go where the lights were i thought maybe i would find a bottle of rice that’s how innocently we thought about it and right and some of that motivation was direct hunger right you were you were hoping to find somewhere where you could at least get enough to eat yeah it was that’s the thing it’s the thing i mean people say you’re so brave that you risk your life for freedom like no i wasn’t i didn’t even know what freedom was then like how do i know what freedom is and i just was literally escaping to find some food to survive from hunger and that’s how we crossed that frozen river that night with my mother and myself and i was 13 years old to china leaving my father behind back in north korea so tell us what happened tell us about what happens to north koreans as they move with the traffickers into korea because that’s a whole story in and of itself and it was something you had no idea about i know this is a thing like people the world is obsessed talking about slavery but this is a slavery that happening just right now at this very moment that we are talking about this so there are like 300 000 north korean defectors are in china and they are all enslaved by chinese people i was one of them in 2007 uh we found this lady miraculously she would help me to go to china i didn’t even know why she brought the guards so in north korea’s most heavily guarded border with the people with the machine guns and don’t literally bury land mines on the border so people would not escape so entire countries are concentrated camp entire border is served we were luckily brought the guards we crossed the frozen river to china of course the first thing i see was my mom being raped in front of me and and you said that your mother offered herself as an alternative to you yeah and you were 13 at the time and that was your first introduction to sex of any sort because there was no sexual education or contact for young people there was no sexual education and no romance no dating anything like that so that was your first introduction i don’t imagine you even understood what was happening no i that’s the thing like uh i go there and i was like something 60 pounds i was very manly maybe 50 something but so small and this man was like i want to have sex with her and my mom’s like what do you mean like she’s only child and then he’s i want to have sex with her so just take me instead and he was raping her in front of me but i’m like i just never seen a sex video ever never even knew what rape was that word was not even in my head i just seeing something so horrible that i didn’t want to see and after that they took us to this uh house where they would like literally make us stand up make us turn around take our teeth and everything and making price on our body yeah now let me fill in a bit of background there so the way you lay that out in this in your autobiography is that there’s a heavy demand for north korean women in china especially rural china and the fundamental reason for that apart from desire for labor is that china instituted a one child policy back in the 60s and many many female female fetuses were more aborted than male so there’s a disproportionate number of young chinese men who have no partner and no probability of acquiring one because there’s an absolute shortage of of women and so you and your mother were valuable commodities because of the shortage of women exactly yes i’ve got that right and there was a price on you were you both had a high value yeah and so and that’s when you entered what was essentially the world of slavery it’s uh as you say right now in china literally 30 million young men has no hope of finding women in their life 30 million men in china right now so because of the regime chinese regime do not want this man to revolt even because of dissatisfaction with their lifestyle in a way regime chinese region does not crack down on this human right trafficking either we are almost the price they are using to pay for this make men not to revolt and then so when we go uh i was 13 years old i was a virgin so my price would be less than 300 dollars in 2007 and my mom’s price was less than 100 dollars that’s how little human being worth right now in this 21st century and then each trafficker buys us price goes up so the second trafficker comes and buys us and then more price then they sell us to the chinese farmers or the men or to sell us to brothers or prostitution and like a lot of other like underground work and sell us like a products like commodity and that’s and then i remember that’s the thing like 13 they were asking so in china in order to be here you gotta be sold and i didn’t know what human trafficking was like what do we are selling or human i’m not a puppy like how do you sell me and they were like no you gotta be sold here and they said like literally to me was that well if you don’t want to be sold you can go back north korea we can let you guys go back but the thing is going back north korea is a death like even though miraculously regime doesn’t punish me there’s no chance for me to find food i mean that’s the hardest thing it’s like there’s no place for us to go outside of north korea like if you relive that country whatever the condition is it’s better than being in north korea because at least in china we are being fed doesn’t matter we are being tortured we are at least being fed and that’s how we stayed in china and decide and they sold me separately from my mom because you know they can charge two people’s price so they sold my mom and sold me separately and that’s how i got separate from all my family at 13 yeah well you said at the beginning when you went into china that you didn’t tell the smugglers the traffickers that you were traveling with your mother you said that she was younger than she was and you said that you were older than you were exactly because they weren’t going to take you otherwise yeah so the but and you had no idea what was in store for you at that point also no i did not know but she told me oh don’t tell them you guys are mother and daughters to say or maybe aunt or something and told my mom you’re much younger you’re much older and because human trafficking was something that i didn’t hear about in my life i was so sad because in north korea there’s no bad news every news is a happy news how amazing we are winning in the revolution so i never even knew what rape was in america if you watch news like somebody raped you know what rabies but in north korea they steal every information from you like news is not actual news so not knowing what rabies not knowing where human trafficking is and just completely into a new just another like planet but you had enough to eat yeah and was that the first time in your life that you’d actually had enough to eat were you able to find enough so that you could eat until you were full did you experience that at that point that’s when i learned another thing is it mattered it didn’t matter that i had food to eat again because i lost everything that mattered to me like i lost everything and so i wanted to kill myself like i finally went to the place where there was a food for me but then that means me being a slave and i’m losing every single one of them in my life and i i was going to kill myself and at that point this broker told me if you help me become my mistress help me with my trafficking business that i’m going to help you with your own family why did you decide to stay alive what kept you going because my mother he told me at that point he said if i don’t kill myself and helping him then he said he was going to buy my mom because he’s the one who sold my mom to a farmer right so at that point you were separated and your mother was the enslaved wife so to speak of a farmer on a rural on in a rural community yes so she had to be bought back and that’s the deal he offered you yes and so you decided to stay alive because you thought you could help your mother yeah it wasn’t for you no i was yeah it was my then my life mattered something when he meant something i could do something more than that so he offered to my bring my father and that’s how i brought my father to china from north korea and that october when i was turning 14 in that october 2007 i i saw my father again and so then you were you were with this man hong hong way was that his name hong way and you describe a very complex relationship with him he was violent and a gambler so he would spend vast amounts of money raised by this trafficking trade and disperse all of it in gambling fits and he was violent to you but you also believe that over time he came to love you and so what do you make of that in retrospect it’s an unbelievably complicated situation to say the least you know even though actually is a thing last year he came out of prison in china after 10 years serving sentence and i sent him money from the u.s to help me help him and it was for me to that’s the thing i and then i could actually this morning i woke up from this nightmare of my time with him how violent he was all my day i was like so was hard of all those nightmares i went through but the thing is like nobody’s a pure evil nobody’s pure like anger i think that’s what it is like as much he was so evil i’m still haunted by nightmares he still like saved my parents he still gave my father’s last moment that i can cherish and i think that’s life really it’s it’s not that like simple so you were with him for how long two years and what what what occurred after that you went to mongolia what what was the what was the trek from from him now so he brought your mother back and so you’re together living with him you and your mother yes you can’t find your sister yet at that point no we couldn’t find my sister your father is he still alive at that point when you’re with hongwei yes he’s still alive at that point so yes during that time after finding my mom he brought my father six months later and then my father died three months three months later after i saw him again and you said you had changed dramatically after you left north korea you stopped being a child very very rapidly and he started to take care of your mother and to make the decisions and also when your father saw you once he came to china that he could hardly recognize you i oh it still affects me i think that at 13 i became i don’t know what i became it it took so hard for me to fear something again like when i had my own son actually in 2018 when i met you when i had the lecture that is the year when i for the first time felt something and like i was so grateful that i was feeling things ever again and so at 13 i learned how not to fear ever and i don’t know how it was possible even so my father came and then he died so i buried his ashes in the middle mountain and after that hongwei is like he blew all his money from gambling he couldn’t even have you said when your father did come though you did revert to being a child from time to time that you would sit on his lap and that you would turn back into a younger child and then go back into whoever you had become when you went to china yeah i think there were many versions of me back then to survive whatever the version that was feeding me to survive i think i became that person it just it was so complex i don’t even know like who was am i which person was am i like i became so many persons i still think i just don’t even know how that was possible so because you know my father before he died like he was telling me about his childhood and and i i think he just really missed me being a child i think something may brought that out of me so so my father is very hard thing for me to endure it but so he died and then hongwei couldn’t afford to have us he couldn’t even able to buy us even food in china that’s really bad he couldn’t even able to feed us so he was saying okay i’m not gonna let you go and how do we go where do we go even though your mother read that point she was insisting that you sell her again if i remember correctly yeah i did sell my mom because i couldn’t feed her she was saying only way for me to feed in china was being sold again so i sold my own mom and then gave the money to homey and he plus me in a one night gambling so three months later i brought my mom make her to run away from the farmer that i sold her and then we luckily found a norscan lady who operates in a chat room i don’t know you know this they bring these girls so it was better than brothel that’s the thing i had the option of going to prostitution or going to chat room and 14 and i thought it’s much better than being touched by men physically than going on chat room well you said that with hongwei that you know that was your introduction to sex essentially and that it was catastrophic for you and so well and then you after after hongwei could no longer afford to feed everyone that’s when you entered the chat rooms and and you were in you were working in the chat rooms for how long so and the people that organized the chat rooms took the vast proportion of the money i think you got one dollar out of seven was something like that something like but even that dollar we had to buy food and clothes and other things so but the thing is still was better there going into prostitution and in that chat room we met another norscan fellow defector and then she told me there was way out of all this which means going to south korea and then they say i told them what do you mean south korea i thought south korea was colonized by america it’s like the horrible horrible capitalistic country and she was like no south korea is free and that is i remember still the time i learned the word free that day i was asking her what do you mean i’m gonna be free in south korea and she of course did not know freedom meant freedom of speech none of that she literally told me oh in south korea you can wear jeans and you can watch tv and no one gonna be arresting you for that and that’s how we conceived the freedom as north koreans like freedom meant wearing jeans so i asked her then how do i do that and then she was saying oh then you gotta become christians there were christian like operation in china if we become christians they were going to help us and it was ironic for me oh why because i couldn’t believe like why do we have to keep believing something to survive in north korea to believe in kim’s but now suddenly outside north korea we had to believe in god to survive but the thing is we are so desperate like literally if somebody took me a bromio like a rock they asked me to believe in rock i would have believed that is like how strong my humans were to survive and it was the christians the christians that that you became associated with in china were those chinese christians or were they missionaries from western countries both they were both some of them from south korea and some of them from china and they would have these houses that make us to study bible and if we prove our faith to them they then help us to go to south korea and that was a deal that we become christians and they were going to help us so at 15 i became a christian like i they made us to go fasting i mean like we were like managed all our life but they said god can do more than that so they go like fasting with a three years old child in our group a toddler we go fasting and make us memorize bible verses and they come check us like if we memorize it or not how do you view that interaction with the christians in china in retrospect was there any of that that was useful or was it just another belief that you you had to adopt to survive so truly honestly dr peterson on charles’s book perverse for life i was i was the atheist i was so so against religion because so does right now now i’m with you christians at 15 studying bible and then they found out about what i did to survive in china and the chat rooms yes and they i remember the pastor was saying you’re so dirty like it can never be washed and he literally like some corinthians some verse telling me that how some sins can never be washed and how i was so dirty for doing what i did to survive and that was actually a lot harder in some ways to going through all that journey because when i was going through it i didn’t think that was a bad thing i thought like something you have to do to survive because my father always told me life was gift you have to fight for it no matter how hard it is you should never give up on like life and and then i’m suddenly now with this mission telling me what i did was wrong i should have died instead of doing something that dirty to survive so it was very tough to do it like keep thinking for the rest of my life was it worth it you you were at that point too you said that the reason that you didn’t kill yourself was because you wanted to help your mother you had other people that were dependent on you it wasn’t just you and you were still looking for your sister too you had no idea what had happened to her at that point yeah i didn’t so yeah and but the thing is now what i’m thinking of them no matter what he was he was better than those people talking about inclusion all of that because she risked his life to saving lives those pastors those missions to send prison for lifetime sentence in china no matter what people saying like you gotta see their actions and these people actually cared about humanity that anybody that i met having all this flowery loving language they are using so that’s the thing like it’s so hard to understand humanity that even though it hurt me so long i’m like forever grateful for what he gave us and namelessly i’m like i made name for myself if i’m dying people i don’t know but he never did and he didn’t even tell me his name if you ask him like tell us your name so we can at least thank you afterwards like no it’s not i’m doing this for making a name i’m doing this because of love love for jesus that he loved us that’s why i’m loving you guys so much so in a way that he was the only person who showed me with the actions that humans can love another that like unconditionally so it’s just very complex so it was his group that took you to you and your mother to mongolia they told us how to go to mongolia because in desert there’s no way you can make it out it’s like it’s a random luck it’s a pure luck that’s why i think maybe they were more religious they were waiting for god to sign to send us because it’s not like guide taking us if you’re getting into the gulby desert most of chances like mostly you’re never going to be found by any human being on earth so you decided that you would just go into the desert and take your chances yeah and that was you and your mom and then we have five other people in our group and one baby with us so it was a people group and then they told us go follow northwest direction with one compass and then if you cross eight wire fences hopefully that’s gonna be mongolia for you it’s a random chance of taking the luck and and so why was mongolia a reasonable target or were you just out of options because uh it didn’t cost money if we wanted to go to other countries like thailand we had to pay the brokers but we didn’t have money so mongolia was the by walking we crossing the walks when you walk you don’t pay anybody so now really nobody escaped through mongolia because it’s too dangerous now most of the factors escaping through thailand but we were the last people who ever crossed the desert to make it to successfully so what happened in mongolia you did run across authorities yes we did uh we after how long how long were you in the desert we were actually only there was one day but it was uh 2009 in february minus 40 degrees minus 40 yes in desert in mongolia it’s below syberia so usually guards would think like nobody’s crazy enough to cross desert right now in this temperature because you can die like even within a few minutes if you don’t move in desert for even 10 seconds you’re frozen there you are constantly moving every second and you said you had very you had almost no clothing at that point because they told you to pack light like my mom how come you didn’t freeze i mean minus 40 is unbelievably cold yeah it’s uh that’s a miracle life is a miracle it’s like some things you cannot explain in a human way it’s just like uh people say it’s a luck maybe you can say it’s a lot i i don’t know it was i remember like everything was frozen and we didn’t even have gloves or scarves that’s the thing and now i’m like complaining how cold is chicago is like no we we were wearing this bear nose snow jacket none of that and we i all i remember was we reminding each other we gotta keep moving because when you are frozen it gets very sleepy and like you’re losing a lot of senses and it may give you a rest and then we will remind each you know we gotta keep going like dragging each other moving every second counts you gotta move and did all eight of you make it and the baby as well we made it because initially we have to draw the baby if the baby cries the guards gonna hear us so we would give him the sleeping pill him to make him sleep but sleeping in that frozen like whether it’s so dangerous thing so we have to constantly waking him up like passing around between people to keep him awake and he made it too so you you were you were picked up by the authorities and you were put in a holding camp essentially yeah it didn’t seem compared to many of the other things that you had been through it it didn’t seem as awful is that reasonable so tell us about that so the thing was a mongolia it wasn’t something physical hardships we went through so much it doesn’t matter but the thing is they were this is like later we learned like so mongolia they they wanted to send us to north korean side i mean to the chinese side and then sent us back north korea so we literally brought the lasers and like poison to kill ourselves in front of them and we thought like they were sending us to china side but later we learned that these soldiers had never intention but this they loved looking at our reactions how we would react really yeah that’s the thing jesus it’s so unbelievable i know it’s like literally i remember like trying to come as a little later tell my mom like we did everything we could to make it and we luckily they stopped us right before we cut ourselves but the team who came after us they went too far so she didn’t swallow the poison and then they took her to hospital and she became like mentally like lost a lot of her senses afterwards so it was a game for a lot of people like it’s teaching us you know seeing someone like and i think that’s like those very hard to at this point like to like to make sense of like being a human like you know it’s just so hard to know this is like the same life that i’ve been having it was like some dream or something so you were after that you were reasonably treated in mongolia but you were also subject to a lot of interrogation yeah and why was that because oh one is they tried to screen the spies out because north korea sends a lot of spies disguising as defectors and send them so they can assassinate like like me someone who speaks out or get information who my relatives are and then send back to north korea so they can punish the family members of the defectors so a lot of defectors is like a spice can do but not only that south korea also had a very like heavy discrimination towards north koreans and the country still very they blame the victims when it comes like the rape you know they like because of you got raped not the man so i remember like during my interrogation he asked me like do you have tattoo in your body and i was 15 years old and i was like no i don’t have tattoos like they were looking for marks of that would prove that you were engaged in prostitution exactly so i was like no and it’s like i’m gonna take off your clothes here like are you sure it’s like yeah and that’s when i realized like really like there was no angel at all like there’s nothing better country like of course there’s all degree of bad and good and south korea actually is another hard place for north koreans to adjust and like two years ago there was a mother and son died in the middle of seoul south korea from starvation because of the ignorance from south korean public towards them they died from starvation in the middle of like capital of seoul i mean south korea so you went through this lengthy interrogation process in mongolia and then it was decided and your mother was with you and it was decided at that point that you were genuine refugees and you made it from there to south korea yeah and was that to seoul we know from mongolia several months interrogation they take us to another two months of the interrogation at the south korea’s intelligence facility then they take us to three months of re-education and program is right and that’s when they taught you how to be integrated to some degree into south korean culture so talk about that too that’s very interesting yeah so they give us this three months of training periods where they introduce us to new planets and then that’s once they’ve identified you as genuine refugees exactly so then you then you got in in that stream yeah once they’re proven proven sometimes they even go through those like lie detectors with other defectors they really make sure that you’re not spy and saying everything is true once that is proven they process three months of training period where they tell us what bank is right in the north korea we never know what bank or never know what bank or ATM machine is they tell us like how to ride a bus how to ride a subway you know like like what did you what did you think of all that i mean you’d been in china for some time so this wasn’t the difference between north korea and other countries wasn’t quite as shocking i presume but how what was happening to you when you started to understand the massive difference between north korea and the rest of the world and and also the fact that everything that you had been taught since you were born and everything your parents had been taught all of that was every single bit of it was a lie what was that doing to you that was a thing like as you said i remember they said oh korean were started by a korean son by americans and like in north korea literally they tell us americans are bastards they are the most evil thing right and at that point my reaction was so if everything that i believe was a lie how do i know that what you’re saying is not a lie like how do i ever trust ever ever again and it was the hardest thing ever trusting it ever it took many years and when i read by george orwell’s book the animal farm that’s when i realized oh what they’re telling is actually true but until that point i didn’t trust what’s out so what why was why was george orwell’s book so relevant to you why did it have that effect do you know it’s so i was reading this animal farm not even knowing what that is and it was i was seeing my grandmother in those all the pigs and these young pigs when they like later when those young pigs born they don’t even know what life was beforehand they didn’t even know the alternative life looks like right because the first pig’s worst of fate speak out and all that terror they kept silent so until i was reading that book i was only blaming the king dictatorship because of the dictatorship that we suffered but when i was reading that book i could see all those people were voluntarily involuntarily supporting in this dictatorship by terror they were silenced but it was therefore too that we end up in this everybody did something contribute something make us north korea into you know the perfect stop here that we are reading the book contributing what what do they contribute by keeping silence but by keeping silent yes when they had something to say exactly because when it came to me dr like i didn’t even know the word oppression so if you know you’re oppressed you’re not oppressed but to me like in north korean young generation we don’t even know we’re oppressed what is that but my grandmother knew she experienced before kins she lived through japanese colonialism like she lived through before kins but because of that their fear of losing their life and the loved ones i’m sure they had a reason like not to speak up but because of the fear and not standing up for the right just now north korea in a point where people don’t even know what life can be look like well soldier hitson was convinced that a totalitarian state could not exist unless everyone was participating in the lie and that the most potent anti-authoritarian action is to tell the truth and and that means to say something when you have something to say because the old not because you’re brave but i think but because the alternative is worse yeah that’s and it was orwell it’s so so interesting to me that it was orwell that that that opened your eyes to that i mean it makes perfect sense but but it’s still really something yeah i know it’s like uh that like that book i think that’s when i realized oh everybody was responsible and that’s when i started thinking about speaking out that’s when you started thinking about speaking out yeah i see i see and so you made a conscious decision at that point yeah why why because i knew the price of silence because like that that was a price real pain right like not even knowing like that’s the thing like when people said why no revolutions because we don’t know we are slaves in north korea how do you fight to be free when you don’t know you’re a slave and that’s a different thing like the fact that my people don’t even know they’re oppressed that’s the thing like what cares me to this point about my father is now like he i of course i would be grateful he ever lived in freedom even one day but the heartbreaking thing is he didn’t even know life could be this free and life could be this beautiful he didn’t even know that like life could be so different for other human beings i just wish he knew before he goes so he doesn’t remember this life so hard is filled with the sadness you know and that’s the thing with north koreans we are talking with different degree of oppression you don’t even know life can be this way and yeah so that was my time of understanding what happened and started believing in this freedom so you’re in the re-education process in south korea learning to be a south korean learning to some degree how to fit in the culture learning to some degree how to be free yeah um did you start reading at that point or when were you in when were you for example when did you encounter orwell was that when you went to university later before my university when i was 16 i think 16 years and how did you come across the book it was uh so i was in this de facto school because i was 15 years old almost 16 years old they did a placement exam for me and as you said like i don’t even know the the map of the world my grade came on like seven years old like intelligence right so you got out of you got out of the re-education process and then you you lived where did you live with your mother after you left the re-education process plus i mean like public housing in the countryside there are a lot like mentally ill people were living and then that’s when you decided that you were going to go back to school yes that’s where i wanted to go to school but then if i want to go to school there’s no way i can be going studying with seven years old but even though some a lot of defectors do that they 24 days start studying with seven years old in the same classroom and i i wanted to take a gd so i would catch up quickly and i went to special defector school where they would help us studying in the in a gd and a bookshelf there was just a tiny book called like the animal farm and i picked it up because it looked very thin nothing i was like it might be easy could read and that’s i never knew that was the point where my life was going to be changed that’s that’s really something so then you went to school and you had to convince the authorities to support your desire to be educated your plan was to go to university how in the world did you formulate that plan how did you even find out about university i mean i guess you knew that already in north korea you knew sorry you knew that already but why did you why did you decide that you needed to go to university what was driving you oh it was so i remember like that they were asking me what do you do after like kids here after the reeducation what do you want to do and i told him like i will not go study and it’s like why you know like studying like in south korea is most competitive countries and when it comes to education how are you going to compete you know there’s no chance for you to survive i wasn’t even speaking abc the alphabet english at that time as an adult so but i don’t know that’s the thing something was in me it was thirst for knowledge that i always knew that i want to study i wanted to learn how the world worked so i kept that and keep keep getting back to books i was reading like 100 books a year and just but also the reason i was reading books is like because there is such a high discrimination nobody wanted to be friends with north koreans anymore in south korea and everybody told me that i was failure before when i began this like you are never gonna be competing you are never gonna be in this competition so only the books were the ones telling me that i could do it the books were yeah only the books were telling me of course every book tells you can do right but everybody the human being i met was telling i couldn’t do it so i just keep reading books yes well you can make contact with great minds that encourage you through books and thank god for that right that’s what they’re for so and and you so you got your high school equivalency how long did that take you i had to do the from the elementary to high school so it took like over just one year one year you did all that one year yeah so i went to college at 17 at 17 so you passed your g and you’d only had two years of education in north korea but most of that time you were like working working at manual labor yes yes now you could you you how was your reading ability in northern korea were you already literate no a little bit but then also the vocabularies were so different in south korea like the like we don’t know what shopping money is because we don’t know shopping right like what’s the supermarket what is dry cleaning so i had to like write down like it wasn’t like english to south korea was easier because i already knew the concept but like learning about gay even i met somebody gay and told me he told he helped me and he told me baby don’t worry i’m gay and then like what gay is understanding a concept takes you way longer than learning a language so that took longer for me because it is exactly the 1984 the georgia where it talks about double speak who controls the language controls thoughts so north korea purposely eliminated the words like stress because how can you be stressed in the socialist paradise so they get rid of stress they get rid of depression they get rid of trauma they get rid of all these concepts that people know here we don’t have in north korea so i think that was very challenging than even learning new language so is it fair to say that you taught yourself to read and you got your g.e.d equivalent you did that in one year and so you were ready to go to university at the age of how in the world did you do that how much time were you spending every day studying uh i didn’t so that was a funny story i ended up in the er and then like they were saying you’re managed because i didn’t have time to eat i forgot to eat so even when i was sleeping i would turn on the like a tap talks or npr so i can like listen my brain still kept working and even when i was sleeping i would put the books behind my pillow so the like knowledge really going to me i was obsessed i was crazy you were obsessed with yeah i was i was completely obsessed with learning and how did you manage to survive economically during this time how did how did your mom and you make money i know you got some money from the south korean government right was that enough to get you through that first year or what happened no they gave us for the six months they do they help you to pay yourself for cell phone beers and the house house like the amenities right you pay the utility beers but after six months you are on your own so you’re completely obsessed with studying to the point where you’re not even eating and and we should also just stress here it is definitely the case that the education process is unbelievably competitive in south korea as you’ve already pointed out far and above what people in young people in north america can imagine or in europe for that matter and so you were facing very very heavy competition so but you got obsessed to the point where you weren’t even eating that’s amazing because i would have thought that you would be more motivated to eat after what you did virtually but you were hungrier for knowledge than for food despite and you had been starved of exactly i was i was working at this i don’t know you know it’s like a one dollar store in south korea the japanese french so i was working there as a part-time job and i was minor so my mom had to give the like authorization that should let me work and then i was working as wedding horse like serving food as a waitress so i was working and then my mom was also doing the dishes and helping me and i was living in these rooms in seoul because i was studying where underground i didn’t even have a window and i still remember those times i was so happy because i had a goal like i was you know like this tiny room where you can stretch your feet like barely i’m like five terms tiny in that room i was like living there all i had was books with me and dream yeah well a room full of books isn’t small exactly it was it was large yeah right absolutely absolutely so you got your g.e.d and then you applied to university for in a competitive program and they there was still trouble with you getting in but you managed it how did you manage it and how did you decide what you were going to do i was going to study criminal justice it was it was i saw so much injustice and even in south korea so so much of it i really want you to understand how that worked you know how how what this thing is called justice so i i’m grateful they gave me opportunity to study that program and but now uh it’s uh i it’s just such a like i don’t know how i was going through all of that but somehow back then i had a drive that i never even knew i had and so you you were at the university for how long four years was it a four-year degree it was four years degree but i only did three years and a half before my last semester i went to columbia university new york and switched my major there okay okay now in korea was that at the same time you were also working for at a korean television station okay so there’s a bit of a detour there you were you were cast in some sense as the north korean paris hilton so that’s extraordinarily bizarre so so tell me about that what happened now i’m seeing criminal justice in a top university very competitive program doing this physical training to become an intelligence officer later and then i get a call from tv producers saying they are trying to make a show because until that point north korea was portrayed as very just heartbreaking documentary you know people with like looks like robots when their leader dies really looks very inhuman but they wanted to make a show entertainment show not a documentary entertainment show bring young girls they thought was pretty putting in a beautiful designer clothes and studio put them in a makeup and then talk about their life in a lightly it’s so their show model was a chat with different ladies and they had that before beauties from the russia poland america now they are going to do that with north korean young young girls i didn’t want to go on i was like no of course i’m not but then they told me you know south korean shows are super popular in china and all other east asias because you lost your sister you might be able to your sister might be able to see it and then find you in south korea and but because before that i was looking for my sister on the one education program and they saw me there and then found me how that’s how and they they knew that talking about my sister always gonna get me so that was a thing that was a deal for me to go on the show and talk about my sister and hopefully she sees it come to me because i was still looking for her but the thing is uh because i told them about my father’s black market business before his arrest they thought um of course how do how do i know who’s parasitism is i don’t know but they needed a character for each character in the show business that’s what they say you know you cannot be complicated you gotta be one simple thing everybody gotta have characters and then they name you so i was going into i don’t know where to show business it is unbelievable it is unbelievable well it’s also unbelievable the role that you were cast in it’s so it has such a con it’s it’s such a contrast with what actually well with what what the reality of your life in north korea really was but the thing is in that show i learned actually what i went through was nothing doctor like i was in a way of some sense of parasitism because they went through like literally cannibalism is a weird thing in north korea and i i i would not want to people say oh don’t dehumanize yourself what are you talking about those things but like what i went through wasn’t even close to what other people went through and what my sister went through in china who decided to never ever talk about ever again in her life in that seven years what i went through was nothing that’s that really that three years of being on the show and hearing other how other people managed to survive made me was like oh my gosh i had it so easy i’m so grateful i feel so grateful like i still do this i don’t know how i got that lucky so you’re taking criminology and you’re three years in and you’re doing this tv show on the side and you discover your sister yeah she did come to south korea and she saw the show eventually she did and you were reunited with her in south korea yes she did i i found her when i was 20 years old so do you see each other now now my sister is a teacher in south korea and we see each other often but because we live in a different country i’m in america she’s in south korea right but you have a familial relationship it’s just distant definitely yes okay so so now you’re now you said that you ranked 30th i think out of 94 students in the program yeah so you were able to hold your own against the intense competition yes i do my best yes apparently and then so what how in the world did you end up at columbia now you don’t write about that do you write about that did i miss that no i didn’t because it was after okay okay so now we’re getting to the point this is passing so i just remind everybody that we’ve gone over some of the details that that characterize this autobiography in order to live so now we’re moving a bit past it because it was published in 2015 so there’s been six years in six intermediating years so how in the world did you end up at columbia what what happened so so one day i have a friend in america told me do you want to go this conference called like the youth leaders gathering in ireland and in south korea in 2014 i never even been to europe and i don’t even know what ireland is i thought it was somewhere like in uk or something and then they say if you participate they would pay your flight and lodging for free every south korean students like dream is going to backpacking in europe so it’s like oh my god i got this once a lifetime to go to europe for free in my college and then so this is a conference called the one young world they bring the youth leaders from every country so they called the north korean embassy in the uk saying can you send the delegation to us and two we just need two delegates from each country north korea regime told them no because they have this financial we can only send three so they said okay how about we sponsor two and then you guys sponsor one so we can bring three and then north korea said no thank you and that’s okay then we’re gonna look for defectors because they didn’t want to sponsor for three people that’s how they found me through my friends so in that conference i applied to become a delegate speaker along with other 34 delegate speakers i was a really average person and then i did a lot of three times like like the interview with them i selected as a speaker at the end and all of many many speakers together and there i shared about what was happening to my people in china how the chinese role on you know being silent and still they are allowing this human trafficking happening right like if you see the girls captured by Taliban like michelle obama have no problems standing up for girls captured by her vocal horn so many people talk about these girls but many comes north korea and nobody talks about it because they don’t want to upset chinese regime so my speech in that conference really became vital and that’s and that’s what you focused on in that speech yes i was only focusing on mine like the women’s what we are going through in china and i didn’t even plan to be that special provider nobody can plan it it was in a pure accident i was in the middle of university attending i had to go back to korea too but that speech became very fighter and then i got a book offer from paying random house and then my agent was in new york that’s how i went to new york but while i was writing the book i always loved learning so i wanted to study i was the one to continue my study and they told me there was university in new york called columbia so that’s how i applied there and then went there to study and did you did you finish your undergraduate there did you do an advanced degree you finished your undergraduate then i did under about four years there so i did almost like eight years of bachelor okay so you had you’d gone to university and came out of north korea then you went to university in south korea so you got you got to see that culture as an outsider and then you came to the united states and you got to see columbia university so what did you conclude about your time in columbia university what are your what were your impressions what do you have to say to people about what you saw i knew you oh my gosh so that four years from 2016 to 2020 it was a complete madness i i became very pessimistic about the western world after university because like so literally in these humanity classes even the economics i was studying economics for two years and later human rights the the professor would send me the like emails oh this this class we’re gonna cover this this if it triggers you you don’t have to come to the class or don’t even do the reading i’m a rape survivor i’m a slave i go through so many things and they say oh this can trigger the rape this can trigger this and then like days every before the class they say let’s go through what do you want to be called your pronouns and my english is not that good i sometimes mistakenly call him or she like and then they started asking me to say they and then i don’t know how to incorporate in my english that pronoun hopefully and it made me so nervous to talk in the classroom and one day i got into fight with my professor she was saying uh you know the fact that you’re letting men holding door for you is you are giving into their overpowering you and i was like you know isn’t it kindness is decency i hold the door for people too it’s not like i’m trying to signal that i’m powerful than you and she was like you’re so brand-new from north korea like and i was scenario of course my gpa is gonna be affected and it’s like okay i got a really shot up and got to try to do my best to get a good gpa so that four years i learned to censor myself all over again and it became ridiculous like i literally exactly like i literally risked my life to say what i think is right and now i’m like in a country where i four years of time try how to be create a safe space and be sensitive enough so and like where am i like and it gave me a lot of chaos like did i become free like was it where am i is there any truly free place in this world right now well okay so you you were in this university in korea and korean universities are intense and so how would you contrast the quality of the education that you received and their very western influence the south korean university so they’re a product of the western university system so how would you contrast your experience at the south korean university with columbia which is in in principle one of the great western american institutions educational institutions it’s so i do think south korea is way more technical they are way more into trying to teach you the skill set like if you know more giving you actual knowledge but okay i think americans are very obsessed that was my impression at columbia were really trying to help you how to think but almost like you would shape how you think they are very into shaping your minds how you think about something in south korean study program was more like oh this is a fact this is what happened in history this is what we’re gonna do this is a model you’re gonna apply to solve this criminal case like you know this is how things work but lately though when it comes to sociology uh it’s been very influenced by the western like the mainstream education so a lot of anti western sentiments was definitely there and it’s just i in korea as well oh yes definitely all those like sociology and those subjects is definitely influenced and south korea is now becoming a communist again definitely it is it is a sad trend to see that like right now south korean youth demand socialism and you know freedom is so fragile like it’s it’s never gonna be there if you don’t fight for it and south korea’s democracy is falling and their speech freedom of speech right now in south korea like doctor if you send us leaflets that we use to send to north korea to free people’s minds so we use send us leaflets about like you kims are dictators you are being right and that was a freedom separate expression that was covered by south korean constitution but now that just got became criminalized in south korea like last few months ago what exactly was criminalized uh advocating freedom in north korea because south korea in the but their defense is that because we if we say we support freedom in north korea then north korea is saying we are going to start a war over you about that so for the protecting south korean people’s freedom you cannot advocate freedom for northern people in the south korea and what do you think about this is another thing there’s gonna be a price for being silent about something like this happening right it’s a if if they can come for this well how do we know they are not gonna go after other rights that’s how it all this cycle begins so it is definitely dangerous what they’re taking to keep saying in the name of protection in the name of this we are gonna silence you we’re gonna name of this we are gonna silence you we’re gonna silence this this this and that’s what north korea did right in the name of equality pure pure equality you’re gonna get rid of you know freedom of speech freedom of gathering all of this and now they’re left with nothing only people allowed to do is just breathing so why did you stay at columbia oh it was a it was my father’s dream for me to be college educated i found it was not worth it it was so certain to this day degree that it was so sorry it was so it was a waste of time energy and money really that’s a terrible thing that’s terrible it was it honestly i tell like my son that if you want to study humanity in one of these universities i’m never gonna pay for it like i’m so clear on that to my son but i’m so embarrassed about that i’m so embarrassed about that it’s so awful to hear that those universities they were great you know they were great yes definitely and it’s not that long ago that they were great that they did what they said they were going to do and if you went and got a humanities education you got educated you learned to write you learned to think you learned history you learned to be cultured that’s how you learn cultured that happened it wasn’t that long ago it was when i went to university it was still like that when i taught at harvard it was still like that there were politically correct murmurings and rumblings but by and large the university was still uncorrupted and and the humanities are at the core of the university if they’re corrupted if they go if they’ve gone in the way that you’re already describing there’s no way the universities can survive they’re not technical schools the university was the humanities i mean look at what joe look at what animal farm did for you that’s what reading great books does for people you know it it illuminates their soul it’s not optional and i’m so appalled that that was your experience at columbia it’s so awful that you went through all that and managed to get to this great university and you know in that and that you had to shut yourself down and that your basic conclusion was that it was a waste of time now did you have courses where that wasn’t the case did you have courses that were worth it i i i mean so one class i remember in my senior year it was called the western civilization the music art one of the core that columbia had is a western art and has still not for long but then the i was excited to learn but i thought at the end of day this is still the west america is in the west right it would be funny if you want to study eastern music at the end of the intercore and the professor was like who has a problem with calling the western civilization like art and then every single one of them all lifting their hands because they were saying there were so many artists were greater than batto ben motzart we silenced them erased them all and that’s why we have now end up studying this like bigots you know who are racist and i’m like and then they were like looking at me why are you not putting your hands up somebody who doesn’t have the problem with talking about western civilization so that’s like i was like do i even have to do this to graduate and that was of course necessary to do that course to graduate so every every class had an element of being a politically correct and shaping you how you think and i learned how to censor myself so well at the columbia and then i was freaked out one day like what am i doing this is now i escaped you know it just and i’m so i’m so ashamed of that that’s so awful i can’t believe it you know it’s no it’s no picnic to watch these great institutions hang themselves yeah i literally felt like it’s a suicide of civilization like we are killing ourselves here and and that’s why like what i mean that’s what scares me is that when i was so grateful to going to south korea was also of north korea there was at least a place that was left to be free and all these people obsessed fighting for you know climate change animal rights gender equality transgender whatever all these things people fighting for wonderful but then imagine when nobody’s free in this world who’s gonna fight for us and that’s like what terror for me is like imagine all of us became enslaved like north koreans all of us did in that system there’s no one can stand up for any of us and i guess because i’m always i always knew that it wasn’t guaranteed like when i go camping with my friends my friends somehow always a confidence that they’re gonna find food even though when they’re going to the remote area not me i always packing this like energy bars blah blah always with me because i know like you can end up not having ever all food so maybe this is a mentality that in the west freedom was always there some people think it’s gonna be miraculously gonna be always there and for me it’s like no it can be not there that’s why we were supposed to be educating young people we were supposed to be teaching them that no it’s not always there it’s it’s fragile and you better take care of it because the default condition is authoritarian starvation and if that isn’t happening it’s a bloody miracle yeah that is and that’s that’s where i am at right now with north korea why of course i’m fighting for my people’s freedom but there’s so much interest like even hollywood they do not want to stand up anything behind the thing is challenging chinese communist party no mainstream no hollywood nobody in america want to be behind the movement that challenges chinese communist party well i’ve seen this over and over in the universities too you know it was often the case that it was my psychology classes where the students learned about what happened in stalinist soviet union and maoist china they hadn’t been taught at all they hadn’t been taught that tens of millions of people died in china they hadn’t been taught about what happened in north korea they hadn’t been taught about what happened in russia it was like that never existed even though the cold war was all about that and it was it’s appalling it’s and and i i think you you see exactly the same thing while you’re pointing out exactly the same thing how blind can we possibly be i know it’s like the people say like oh hitler killed so many people but do you know actually mao killed most human beings on earth he killed like 50 to 60 million people though chinese communism cared more people than anybody ever did in our human history yes and the chinese communist party still controls china and the only reason people aren’t starving to death there now is because they adopted but because they had no choice essentially because because people did start to rebel to some degree they introduced free market transformations it’s the only reason that china has emerged as powerful economically as it is yeah so what’s next for you you’re you’ve graduated from columbia when did you graduate uh january of 2000 i gotta ask you again i gotta ask you again there wasn’t there at least one course that you took there taught by someone that taught you what you wanted to learn one course what you should know like if there was you’d know you know i i knew i liked about the evolution class about how the humans uh we became who we are uh you know going through human eractism like catalyst or the humanity journey but then of course they always had a political crime as elements always in the textbook everywhere so there’s not i like the economic classes a lot because really helped me understand how the world worked in some other ways but then of course it’s all about like the payment gender equality payments blah blah all that like macro economics has that thing so it i mean it i think it filtered out it was it was good but i don’t think it was worth of that amount of money especially and the effort to go you can take them on like online this look i had professors i had lots of professors who were great like i went to this little college when i was 18 at 17 i guess because that’s when i went to college and it was just an adventure for me you know i i got the people who taught me i had an english professor his name escapes me at the moment unfortunately denis wheeler was my political science professor i learned i remember that from 30 years ago um i can’t remember my english professor’s name unfortunately i had a philosophy professor named long and back like six or seven professors and it was a small college it wasn’t an elite institution um and they loved to teach and i had a group of friends that loved to learn and it was great like it was great i learned a tremendous amount i learned that i didn’t know how to write and they taught me uh robin robin burke that was the english professor’s name he gave me a d on my first paper it shocked me to death because i’d got good marks in high school and i didn’t know what i was doing and he pointed it out and helped me learn to to write and these people were very serious they were we walked through playdo and aristotle and and hobs and rousseau and the full breadth of of western philosophy and and and it was exciting and and there was no politically correct nonsense and that doesn’t mean that it didn’t cover the political spectrum a lot of my professors were democratic socialists not all of them but plenty of them were so they covered the political spectrum so and and i would say too when when i was at harvard and at the university of toronto for that matter that there were no shortage of professors who were providing genuine education that wasn’t contaminated with propagandistic nonsense and so i’m i’m stunned to hear that you can’t bring to mind a single example from your four years that where you got see you should have been exposed to people that had the same effect on you as george orwell’s animal farm at least people who walked you through literature of that caliber and who had respect for it that at minimum you should have got that yeah but they said to me not to read jane or jane here because they had a colonial mindset that’s not brainwash you you know without you knowing it so the problems of reading the western classic is they were all like bigots and racists and believed in slavery so uh it was it’s an amazing it’s an amazingly it’s a it’s a lie that’s so profound that it’s absolutely staggering it’s staggering to me to hear again even though i’ve been watching this for the last 20 years watching it develop it’s staggering to me that it’s that that this can actually be the case that that that’s what taught what’s taught about this tradition that actually produced the first emergence from slavery that’s ever existed anywhere i know it’s just like we mean in in north korea history was forgotten like we our history begins when kim yong-sung was born and everything before we don’t even know what big bang was we don’t even know who shakespeare is like we don’t know who romeo and juliet is and everything was forgotten other than king’s revolutionary history and when i came out what i loved about was that the continuation of life that like before kings that was amazing there was things beforehand way way before and it was very humbling to those people who thought through things and you were talking about a play dough i read the play doughs on love and how he brings his people talk about discussing what love is each mean for them and he gave me so much like just insights you know to understanding humanity but now well that was kind of the point yeah i know but going to columbia the first thing is like who loves jenny or so i i said yes but do you know the problem is like no do you know that is she believing all those like ideas back then over colonizing other people countries and how that embedded in her literature work and that’s what i was like whoa i mean uh i mean so they expect everyone in the history to think the same way they do right now at this point exact same time and yeah which is to which is to basically memorize you know 20 platitudes that anyone intelligent can can memorize in 15 minutes and then to dismiss the entire world of knowledge these books when you were reading orwell and when you were in that little room in north korea or in south korea and you had all those books what were you reading so orwell affected you who else you’ve you’re you’ve read now who’s affected you it’s in a lot of ways i remember the the the sitartha the novel is a fictional novel uh yes yes that book really gave me a lot of comfort and to think my how to think of my own journey and how how what kind of things i need to focusing on like i could be focusing on oh my god i went through that because that was very horrible what could i focusing on so i read a lot of classical books actually and i think now i’m thinking it was actually a good thing i didn’t pick up this political crime as books but rather going time way before then like 18th century a lot of literatures so i think a lot of books shaped me in some many many different ways and now till this day i was saying like reading your book was of course you heard that many million times but uh it was you know people say like you really know that you are not alone and that’s the thing when i was reading your book you just remind me of that the struggle that shared the struggle that we have on earth regardless you’re born in north korea in america there’s two people kill themselves in america life is unbearable for anyone it gave me a lot of compassion because after coming from north korea to go to new york like right all my 70 my friends going to therapy and they tell me you gotta go to therapy and i was like what is therapy and of course it coming from north korea what do i what do you know what trauma is even and back then i was like the word the fact that you know trauma is like you are so privileged you don’t need the therapy that’s how harsh i was and i wasn’t able to empathize with my friends in new york like they would go in line for two hours to get into this like delicious like restaurant and food to me was always quantity it was not about quality it’s like why would i be sitting here with you for two hours and getting the line right and and just understanding all of those like layers of you know emotions and that was that’s why i’m very grateful for your book and how you shaped me what’s next for you what do you what do you want to have happen now what what are you aiming at so i’m i’m on the target list of kim jong-un i’m on the killing list it’s been a while but uh i mean we know kim jong-un killed his half-brother in malaysia he doesn’t absolutely care about killing distance like even saudi’s killed their jamar kashoggi in their council in turkey and chopped him off so there’s no consequences the world has way no accountability for this bad guy’s killing people now and i think that’s why this justice something keep always in my mind well if i’m lucky enough not to get cared i definitely i want to do everything i can to raise awareness about chinese law on enabling this dictatorship people often think kim jong-un is the one who to blame to running this the biggest concentration camp on earth but it is not there is an enabler behind that is china if without china north korea cannot even alive be with one day and what right and so we can say with no hesitation whatsoever that there’s absolutely no excuse whatsoever for the chinese communist party’s support of the north korean regime yes it’s a crime against humanity it is a crime against humanity and we have every every international community with their senses they have to come together to tell china that but now everybody’s brought by china and they own africa they own so many countries if america loses their ground with china and then gives in and do not stand up for what we believe in in this country we might lose a chance to be ever free and win with china this is a very serious battle that we are in it’s not a joke that like and i think that’s the thing america is the last chance the was on these democracy countries has a lot of chance to battle with china but because until in the past we thought the democracy was going to prevail but the thing look at china free market didn’t have the free politics they are developing these ai machines to facial recognition to control people in a degree where we never even imagined before it is truly 1984 by georgia where they can even look at cameras to see who’s there north korea started in their malnutrition state they are buying these ai machines putting on the town so it sees who’s a stranger is in this town or not putting this like a facial recognition cameras on the border and make sure everybody who’s in the place right there so either we become forever enslaved to this totalitarianism or we break off the cycle and i don’t know like i can never be that person recklessly say we’re gonna win in this battle and to me this is a very dangerous state we are all in collectively everywhere in this world that we are not safe from this devil in a communism that’s a good place to stop yes sorry that was very intense interview it’s been thank you yeah thank you for you’re quite the creature i really wish you would have had better professors you deserve them no thank you for everything you do seriously doctors it it’s been you have no idea how it touches so many us and you especially and reminding me of like how good still humans are and really helping me not to lose my hope so thank you for everything you do yeah you too kiddo your book’s deadly and so are you keep it up keep it up